Liquid-vapor interface specificity of nanobubble and nanodroplet

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The nanobubbles and nanodroplets exist stable and have been verified through various experiments. However, the experimental results are contradictory to the classical description of Young-Laplace equation. In this study, the liquid-vapor interface structure of the nanobubble and nanodroplet is analyzed and the force balance of the equilibrium nanobubble and nanodroplet are investigated. We find that the intermolecular forces of radial component point to the liquid side to reach the force balance at the curved liquid-vapor interface and the limitation of Young-Laplace equation is clarified. An extended Young-Laplace equation with a novel term of interface tension is proposed for the nanobubble and nanodroplet.