The inhibition effects of the Kynurenine pathway on brain tumor stem cells and its niche.

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Immunohistological examination revealed that Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase(IDO) positive cells in glioblastoma(GBM) tissue overlap the cells which construct the characteristic structure indicating GBM. The sphere cells (brain tumor stem cells: BTSC) enriched by the sphere culture method from the GBM patient showed high IDO reactivity on not only level of gene expression but also the enzyme activity compared with diffenretiated cells from sphere cells by serum stimulation. These data support IDO targeted strategy for BTSC in GBM treatment will be highly effective coupled with the fact that IDO inhibition may restore host's immune response against GBM.