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ヒグマとサケを指標とした、海洋－陸域生態系間ネットワークの評価手法に関する研究

以棕熊和鲑鱼为指标的海陆生态系统网络评价方法研究

基本信息

批准号：
12J02469
负责人：
松林順
金额：
$ 1.73万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2012-04-01 至 2015-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

平成25年度までの研究成果から、炭素・窒素・イオウ安定同位体比と同位体混合モデルを用いた解析により、ヒグマのサケ利用割合を個体ごとに正確に推定する手法を構築した。この手法を用いて知床半島内で1996年以降に捕殺されたヒグマ188個体のサケ利用割合をそれぞれ推定した。続いて、各個体の捕獲地点からサケ遡上河川までのコスト距離を高速で計算するプログラムを、統計ソフトRを用いて作成した。コスト距離とは、土地被覆上を通過するときに一定の通過コストを想定した場合における、出発地点から目的地点までの最短コストを意味する。次に、地理情報システム(GIS)を用いて知床半島の植生図などを整理し、対象地域を緯度経度0.001度単位のグリッドに区切り、各セルを森林、河川、農地、道路の4種類に分類した。また、サケの遡上可能な標高(93.4m)などを考慮しつつ、サケの遡上可能域を推定した。これらのデータを基に、ヒグマの行動圏からサケ遡上河川までのコスト距離で、各個体のサケ利用割合を説明するモデルの構築を行った。このモデルでは、同時に各土地被覆の通過コストも推定対象としている。モデリングの結果、サケ利用割合のばらつきを最も説明する各土地被覆のコスト値（森林：１に対する相対値）が、河川：29.53、農地：2.62、道路：45.97と見積もられた。また、サケ遡上域までのコスト距離の係数は負の値となり、モデルのR二乗値は0.49と高い説明力を示した。本研究の結果から、ヒグマの生息域からサケ遡上域までのコスト距離が大きいほど、ヒグマはサケを利用しにくくなり、またその間に道路が存在するとヒグマの移動コストが顕著に増加することが示唆された。従って、ヒグマのサケ利用を促進する施策として、森林と河川の間を移動しやすくするコリドーを設置することや、サケの遡上を妨げる河川工作物の改良措置が有効だと考えられる。

The results of the study in Pingcheng in 25, carbon asphyxia, diazepam, isotope ratio, isotope mixing and analysis were used to analyze and analyze the results of the study in Pingcheng in 2005. the results of the study in Pingcheng in 25 years, carbon asphyxia, diazepam, diazepam, isotope, isotope, diazepam, asphyxia, diazepam, asphyxium, asphyxium, diazep The gimmick was used to know that in 1996, 188 bodies were presumed to be inferred by cuttings. The distance from the river to the high speed is calculated and calculated, and the statistics are used to make the data. The distance and cover of the land must be determined by the telephone, and the place of departure, the destination, the destination, the shortest destination, the destination. The second, geographical information and geographical conditions (GIS) are classified according to the classification of forests, rivers, land and roads, which are divided into four categories, namely, forest, river, land, road, and so on. There may be a presumption of height (93.4m) in the upper level and a presumption in the upper domain. In order to make sure that the distance between the river and the river, the distance between the two parts of the river, the distance between the two parts of the river, and the distance between them, and the distance between them. At the same time, all the land covers were presumed to be affected by the weather conditions. The results show that the land cover (forest), rivers, farmland and roads are 29.53, 2.62 and 45.97 respectively. The number of distances in the upper domain, the number of distances, the number of R2, the height of 0.49, the display of Mingli, the number of distances. The results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: in the results of this study, the results of this study are as follows: In order to improve the quality of river work, it is necessary to make use of the equipment to promote the implementation of policies, the movement of forest and river equipment, the setting of equipment, and the improvement of river work products.