Development of ceramic reverse osmosis membranes and permeation properties through microporous membranes

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Hybrid organosilica membranes were successfully prepared using bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) and applied to reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The organosilica membranes exhibited high rejection over 95%, which showed a potential for desalination membranes, and exceptional hydrothermal stability in temperature cycles up to 90 ℃. Increasing the operating pressure led to an increase in water flux and salt rejection, while the flux and rejection decreased as salt concentration increased. Observed activation energies for permeation were larger for membranes with a smaller pore size, and were considerably larger than the activation energy for water viscosity, suggesting that the water permeation mechanism differed from the viscous flow.