Metagenomic studies of the diversity and function of chemosynthetic microbial communities at oceanic spreading zones

海洋扩张区化学合成微生物群落多样性和功能的宏基因组研究

• 批准号: 5415577
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Rudolf Amann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung für Molekulare Ökologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2003-12-31 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5415577?language=en
• 关键词: Metagenomic; studies; diversity; function; chemosynthetic

Understanding the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors at hydrothermal locations such as the Logatchev vent area is of fundamental importance for understanding of microbial communities at the mid-oceanic spreading axes and the transfer of energy and material from the mantle to the ocean. Thereforea recently developed molecular biological approach, metagenomics, is proposed. The metagenome is defined as the sum of genomes found in a defined site, e.g., in the fluid released from a particular vent or seep. In collaboration with geologists, fluid geochemists, and microbiologists, charateristic sampling sites will be chosen. Biomass will be collected and high molecular weight environmental DNA will be extracted. Large fosmid libraries containing inserts of approximately 40 kb will be produced and screened for the phylogenetic marker 16S rRNA and for funtional genes involved in a) CO2 and N2 fixation, and b) the transformation of the two most common substrates of marine microbial chemosynthesis, methane and sulfide. The studies will offer first insights into the genomic equipment of the main microbial community members at the sampling sites, their metabolic and biochemical potential, and their evolution. These results will be compard to data obtained by cultivation and PCR-based sequence retrieval, and correlated to fluid chemistry and physics. Detailed information on the microbial catalysis of relevant biogeochemical reactions will be retrieved.

了解洛加切夫喷口区等热液位置生物和非生物因素的相互作用对于了解大洋中部扩张轴的微生物群落以及能量和物质从地幔到海洋的转移具有根本重要性。因此，提出了最近开发的分子生物学方法，即宏基因组学。宏基因组被定义为在特定位点（例如从特定通风口或渗漏释放的流体中）发现的基因组的总和。将与地质学家、流体地球化学家和微生物学家合作，选择具有特征的采样点。将收集生物质并提取高分子量环境 DNA。将产生包含约 40 kb 插入片段的大型 fosmid 文库，并筛选系统发育标记 16S rRNA 和参与 a) CO2 和 N2 固定，以及 b) 海洋微生物化学合成的两种最常见底物（甲烷和硫化物）转化的功能基因。这些研究将首次深入了解采样点主要微生物群落成员的基因组设备、它们的代谢和生化潜力以及它们的进化。这些结果将与通过培养和基于 PCR 的序列检索获得的数据进行比较，并与流体化学和物理相关。将检索相关生物地球化学反应的微生物催化的详细信息。