Entwicklung eines Echtzeit 3-D PIV Systems zur Analyse instationärer aerodynamischer Phänomene im Insektenflug

许多不稳定的，三维（3-D）的空气动力学机制，用于昆虫产生升力和推力逃避全面的理解，由于技术的限制，可用于调查昆虫周围的空气流场。动态缩放的机器人模型已被开发，以规避调查这些小动物的空气动力学现象的问题，这些小动物具有高的翼拍频率和复杂的翼拍运动学。这些机器人模型包括一个动态缩放的天蛾“拍打器”1的开发，从机翼的前缘烟雾释放机制，和一个动态缩放的果蝇“robofly”模型，这是浸在矿物油中，利用气泡播种，使二维（2-D）PIV和2轴力传感器，以关联流体动力学与力的产生2，3。然而，迄今为止，还没有可用的方法来映射流场周围的自由飞行的昆虫或动态缩放模型，在近真实的时间3-D。本文提出了一种真实的实时三维PIV系统的研制方案，该系统利用彩色滤光片对整个流场进行连续的显示。该项目将开发一个基于2个彩色视频摄像机的系统，该系统可以在一个图像中捕获整个流场，通过使用颜色识别单个光片，以使流场的图像捕获比目前可用的更快。该系统与已经开发的模型、方法和传感器系统相结合，将能够全面调查非定常空气动力学机制的高度三维流动特性，例如“延迟失速”1 -5、“尾流捕获”2 -3以及自由飞行昆虫和机器人机翼中前后翼相互作用的空气动力学效应6。

Many unsteady, three-dimensional (3-D) aerodynamic mechanisms used by insects to generate lift and thrust evade comprehensive understanding due to limitations in techniques available to investigate the flow field of air around the insect. Dynamic scaled robotic models have been developed to circumvent the problems of investigating aerodynamic phenomena of these small animals, which have high wing beat frequencies and complex wing beat kinematics. These robotic models include the development of a dynamically scaled hawkmoth 'flapper'1, with a smoke release mechanism from the wing's leading edge, and a dynamically scaled 'robofly' model of Drosophila, which was immersed in mineral oil, utilised air bubble seeding to enable two-dimensional (2-D) PIV and had a 2 axis force sensor to correlate fluid dynamics with force production2,3. However, as yet there are no methods available to map the flow field around either a free flying insect or a dynamically scaled model, in near real time 3-D. Here we propose a project to develop a real time 3-D PIV system, which makes use of chromatic filters to continuouusly illiminate the entire flow field. The project will be to develop a system based on 2 color viedo camers that can capture the entire flow field in one image, with individual light sheets identified by the use color to enable more rapid image capture through the flow field than is currently available. This system, in conjunction with models, methods and a sensor system already developed, will enable full inestigation into the highly 3-D flow characteristics of unsteady aerodynamic mechanisms such as 'delayed stall'1-5, 'wake capture'2-3 and aerodynamic effects of fore and hind wing interaction of free flying insects and in robotic wings6.