Gradient nanowires and nanotubes: Preparation, characterization, and novel functionalities

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Polymer, metal or semiconductor nanotubes and nanowires, being homogeneous in composition and geometry, are known to display unique properties and functions. They are of interest for a broad range of applications. However, with respect to novel nano-devices, the introduction of compositional and structural gradients is a highly promising approach. The topic of this project is the preparation, characterization, and functionalization of graded nanowires and nanotubes. Based on techniques already developed by us such as electrospinning, tubes by fiber templates (TUFT), and wetting-assisted templating (WASTE) for the preparation of simple homogeneous nanotubes and nanowires, we will introduce gradients with respect to composition. Gradients parallel, perpendicular, i.e., radial as well as tangential, to the main axis of the nanowires or nanotubes will be in the focus of this project. The target materials are polymers, metals, ceramics and combination of these materials. The aim is the design and preparation of such gradient structures, the evaluation of the internal structure and finally the characterization of the physical and chemical properties resulting from the gradients in such nano-objects. Fundamental functions such as varying electrical conductivity including switching, light generation and guidance, and catalysis as well as advanced functions such as controlled movement of nano-objects and recognition of surfaces are longterm goals. Research on preparation and characterization of gradient nanowires and nanotubes will be major topics in the first project period (year 1 - 3) and research on basic and advanced functionalities of graded nanowires and nanotubes will be major topics in the second project period (year 4 - 6).