Population genetic impacts of a changing ambient conditions on marcro-in-vertebrates with different life history strategies in running waters

预计在全球变暖的过程中，目前河流的流量状况将发生变化，洪水和低水位等极端情况的频率和强度将增加。我们通过比较不同流态的河流——莱茵河和多瑙河（融雪）与摩泽尔河和梅因河（地下水）——以及具有不同生活史（高/低分散和高/低抗旱性）的三种物种，研究了这些变化的种群遗传效应。我们将在酶和DNA水平上使用标记。由于较高的水温和遗传变异的减少，预计基因型会发生变化。前者反映了微进化反应，使其能够在不断变化的环境条件下生存。后者是由地方和区域人口规模伴随洪涝和干旱的极端波动所引发的反复瓶颈造成的。它限制了这种反应，并可能减少种群在其目前分布范围内的存活率。这项研究将允许对这两个过程进行评估。局部物种灭绝后的移民来源和再殖民方式将通过分子标记进行研究。水库和拦河坝作为避难所的作用。对扩散障碍进行分析。在一定温度或流量下占主导地位的基因型将提供给合作工作组进行生理研究和蛋白质组学分析。在野外观察到的基因流动（扩散）的数量和距离以及种群密度的结果将输入到建模项目中。

It is expected that in the course of global warming the present flow regimes of rivers will change and that extreme situations such as floods and low water will increase in frequency and intensity. We study the population genetic effect of these changes by comparing rivers of different flow regimes - Rhine and Danube (snowmelt) versus Moselle and Main (groundwater) - and three species with different life histories (high/low dispersion and high/low drought resistance). We will use markers on the level of enzymes and DNA. A shift of genotypes due to higher water temperatures and a decrease of genetic variability is expected. The former reflects the microevolutionary response and enables the survival under changing environmental conditions. The latter is caused by repeated bottle necks triggered by extreme fluctuations of local and regional population sizes accompanying floods and droughts. It limits this response and may reduce the survival of populations within their present distribution limits. This study will allow the assessment of these two processes. The sources of immigration and recolonisation ways after local extinctions will be studied by molecular markers. The role of reservoirs and barrages as refuges resp. impediment of dispersal will be analysed. Genotypes that dominate under certain temperature or flow regime will be provided for physiological studies and proteomic analyses to the co-operating working groups. Results on the amount and distance of gene flow (dispersal) as well as population densities observed in field will be input to the modelling project.