Population genetic impacts of a changing ambient conditions on marcro-in-vertebrates with different life history strategies in running waters

预计在全球变暖的过程中，河流目前的水流状况将发生变化，洪水和低水位等极端情况将更加频繁和严重。我们研究人口遗传效应的这些变化，通过比较不同的流量制度的河流-莱茵河和多瑙河（融雪）与摩泽尔河和主要（地下水）-和三个物种具有不同的生活史（高/低的分散性和高/低的抗旱性）。我们将使用酶和DNA水平上的标记。由于较高的水温和遗传变异性的减少，基因型的转变是预期的。前者反映了微进化的反应，使生存在不断变化的环境条件。后者是由地方和区域人口规模的极端波动伴随着洪水和干旱而引发的反复瓶颈造成的。它限制了这种反应，并可能减少种群在其目前分布范围内的生存。这项研究将有助于评估这两个进程。利用分子标记技术研究移民的来源和移民后的定居途径。水库和拦河坝分别作为避难所的作用。将分析扩散的障碍。在特定温度或流量下占优势的基因型将提供给合作工作组进行生理学研究和蛋白质组学分析。关于基因流动（扩散）的数量和距离以及实地观察到的种群密度的结果将输入建模项目。

It is expected that in the course of global warming the present flow regimes of rivers will change and that extreme situations such as floods and low water will increase in frequency and intensity. We study the population genetic effect of these changes by comparing rivers of different flow regimes - Rhine and Danube (snowmelt) versus Moselle and Main (groundwater) - and three species with different life histories (high/low dispersion and high/low drought resistance). We will use markers on the level of enzymes and DNA. A shift of genotypes due to higher water temperatures and a decrease of genetic variability is expected. The former reflects the microevolutionary response and enables the survival under changing environmental conditions. The latter is caused by repeated bottle necks triggered by extreme fluctuations of local and regional population sizes accompanying floods and droughts. It limits this response and may reduce the survival of populations within their present distribution limits. This study will allow the assessment of these two processes. The sources of immigration and recolonisation ways after local extinctions will be studied by molecular markers. The role of reservoirs and barrages as refuges resp. impediment of dispersal will be analysed. Genotypes that dominate under certain temperature or flow regime will be provided for physiological studies and proteomic analyses to the co-operating working groups. Results on the amount and distance of gene flow (dispersal) as well as population densities observed in field will be input to the modelling project.