Investigation of relevant processes of aerosol pollution in Beijing - source identification, elemental composition and bio-availability with respect to different land use types

北京市气溶胶污染相关过程调查——不同土地利用类型的来源识别、元素组成及生物有效性

• 批准号: 5429992
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Doris Stüben
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften (AGW)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2003-12-31 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5429992?language=en
• 关键词: Investigation; relevant; processes; aerosol; pollution

Beijing suffers from severe atmospheric pollution since decades. The sources of aerosols in Beijing are manifold. On the one hand anthropogenic dust sources are polluting the atmosphere of this megacity, on the other hand Beijing has to cope with strong dust storms originating in the deserts of Gobi and Takla Makan. Any future sustainable urban planning needs urgently the comprehensive understanding of processes of aerosol production, distribution, transformation processes, deposition and composition. The main emission sources shall be investigated for their elemental and mineralogical composition in an interdisciplinary and international approach (5 different research groups of China and Germany). A fingerprinting system will be established. Aerosols shall representatively be collected and analysed for the mineralogical and elemental contents in the urban area in a manner that reflects typical land use types (emission source combinations) and the impact of natural sources due to long range transport from the deserts and due to short range transport, e.g. from bare soils or coal heaps. Carbon plays a specific role, since it occurs in several distinct phases such as soot, biological components, organic carbon or carbonates that contributes to the identification of emission sources. Thus, the spatial distribution of aerosol geochemistry will be analysed and emission sources identified as basis for simulation modelling resulting in effective mitigation measures. Furthermore, bio-availability and chemical speciation of elements in aerosols shall be investigated with regard to an environmental assessment of possible toxic effects and further chemical reactions effecting particulate matter.

北京几十年来一直遭受严重的大气污染。北京气溶胶的来源是多方面的。一方面，人为的沙尘源正在污染这个大城市的大气，另一方面，北京必须应对源自戈壁和塔克拉玛干沙漠的强沙尘暴。任何未来可持续的城市规划都迫切需要全面了解气溶胶的产生、分布、转化、沉积和组成过程。主要排放源的元素和矿物组成应采用跨学科和国际方法进行研究（中国和德国的5个不同的研究小组）。建立指纹识别系统。应以反映典型土地利用类型（排放源组合）以及由于来自沙漠的远距离运输和由于来自裸露土壤或煤堆等短程运输而造成的自然来源的影响的方式，收集和分析具有代表性的气溶胶的矿物学和元素含量。碳起着特殊的作用，因为它存在于几个不同的阶段，如烟灰、生物成分、有机碳或有助于识别排放源的碳酸盐。因此，将分析气溶胶地球化学的空间分布，并确定排放源，作为模拟建模的基础，从而制定有效的缓解措施。此外，应根据对可能的毒性作用和影响颗粒物质的进一步化学反应的环境评估，调查气溶胶中元素的生物利用度和化学形态。