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バイオメカニクスから紐解く雌雄交尾器の共多様化機構

生物力学揭示雌雄交配器官的协同多样化机制

基本信息

批准号：
15J03484
负责人：
松村洋子
金额：
$ 2.25万
依托单位：
Keio University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2015-04-24 至 2018-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

雌雄交尾器の共多様化が如何にして生じたかに答えるため，①雌雄交尾器の物理的相互作用がどう達成されるのか，②雌雄交尾器の形の違いがその相互作用に影響をもたらすか，という疑問にバイオメカニカルな立場から取り組んだ．①雌雄交尾器の種間変異の記載と定量化，②物理的相互作用の断片的視覚化と物性の理解から雌雄交尾器の機能や動きがもたらされるメカニズムを機械的に説明，③実験的に２の仮説の検証のステップで進めた．雌雄交尾器が物理的に相互作用する過程のうち，本年度は昆虫の極端に長い交尾器を介した射精プロセスを対象に，実体・光学・電子・レーザー顕微鏡，X線μCTを駆使し，以下のことを明らかにした．１．極端に長い交尾器のサイズ（直径）が，交尾器の長さ・体サイズ・系統関係と関係なく種間で雌雄共に著しく変異する（雄交尾器：2μmから数10μm）．２．上の計測値を基に①精液がオス交尾器の管を表面張力で満たすのに要する時間，②精液をオス交尾器の管から押し出すのに必要な力を計算した．その結果，どの種でも表面張力だけで2cm程度の長さのオス交尾器の管を容易に濡らせること，一方で精液の雌への受け渡しプロセスはオス交尾器の直径によってメカニズムが異なることが，理論的に示された．直径が2μmの種では，精液を押し出すには昆虫では不可能なほど大きな力が必要であるが，直径が数10μmの種では，精液はオス側の押し出す力でメスへ受け渡し可能である．３．オス交尾器の直径が比較的大きな種ではオスの交尾器に発達した筋肉が認められポンプとして機能することが示唆されるのに対し，直径の小さな種では類似の構造は認められなかった．後者については，オス側とメス側を満たす液体の濃度勾配などから能動的に精液がオスからメスへ流れる可能性が考えられる．次年度，実験的にその可能性を確かめるため，実験を検討中である．

How does the copulation of male and female occur?(1) The physical interaction of male and female copulations is achieved.(2) The interaction of male and female copulations is affected by the shape of male and female copulations. (1) the description and quantification of interspecific differences between male and female copulatory organs;(2) the visual and physical understanding of physical interactions;(3) the mechanical explanation of the functions of male and female copulatory organs;(4) the progress of physical interaction; The process of physical interaction between male and female copulatory organs is complete. This year, the extreme length of copulatory organs in insects is different from that of female copulatory organs. The physical, optical, electronic, and optical microscopes are used. The X-ray μ CT is used. The following are clear: 1. The extreme length of copulatory organs is different from that of male copulatory organs. The system relationship is different from that of female copulatory organs.(Male copulator: 2 μ m~10 μ m). 2. The above measurement values are based on the calculation of the necessary time for the surface tension of the tube of the sperm copulator, and the necessary force for the tube of the sperm copulator. The results show that the surface tension of the sperm is about 2 cm long, and the tube of the female sperm is easy to be immersed in water, and the diameter of the female sperm is different. For species with diameters of up to 2 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 2 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 2 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 2 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 10 μ m, sperm extrusion is impossible for insects, but for species with diameters of up to 2 μ m, sperm extrusion is The diameter is small and the structure is similar. In the latter case, the concentration of the liquid is matched with the concentration of the active semen. Next year, the possibility of success is confirmed.