Reducing Gender-Discrimination World Wide: What Works and Why. The Global Spread and (Unintended) Impact of Labor Legislation and Social Movements

该提案试图运用世界社会和社会运动的范式来研究全球化世界中劳动力市场中的性别歧视。其目的既是为了拓宽性别研究的范围，也是为了推动世界社会和社会运动理论的发展。根据世界社会范式进行的研究因没有审查跨国规范是否得到执行并产生预期结果而受到批评。它也很少关注劳动力市场上的性别问题。这两个限制都将在拟议的研究项目中得到解决。这项研究由此提出了四个问题。(1)哪些类型的国家批准了国际劳工组织的反歧视公约？(2)批准是否促使将反歧视立法落实到国家法律中？(3)这种批准和国家立法在什么情况下影响妇女的劳动力市场地位？(4)贫穷、不平等和民主化这些进程的相互作用和反馈影响是什么？这些问题将在一项量化研究中得到解决，该研究将对现代二战后所有民族国家的纵向数据进行比较。在第二阶段，将通过定性案例研究来跟进量化结果。

The proposal seeks to apply the world society and social movement paradigms to study gender discrimination in the labor market in a globalizing world. The purpose is both to widen the scope of gender studies and to advance the world society and social movement theories. Research in line with the world society paradigm has been criticized for not examining whether transnational norms are implemented and yield the desired outcomes. lt has also paid scant attention to gender issues in the labor market. Both limitations will be addressed in the proposed research project. The questions the research thereby asks are four. (1) Which types of nations ratify the antidiscrimination conventions of the International Labour Organization? (2) Does ratification prompt the implementation of anti-discrimination legislation into national Iaw? (3) Under which conditions does such ratification and national legislation impact women's labor market status? (4) What are the interaction and feedback effects of these processes an poverty, inequality and democratization? These questions will be addressed in a quantitative study with comparative, longitudinal data for all nation states through the modern post-World War II period. The quantitative results will be followed up by qualitative case studies in phase II.