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ハゼ科魚類における純淡水性獲得時の鍵形質と生活史形質の進化

虾虎鱼获得纯淡水过程中关键性状和生活史性状的演变

基本信息

批准号：
18J21793
负责人：
大戸夢木
金额：
$ 1.79万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2018-04-25 至 2021-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

魚類において繰り返されてきた海から淡水域への進出は, 種や生活史の多様化を引き起こしてきた. 海と川を行き来する通し回遊性は, 海水性と淡水性の中間型として淡水進出の途上でしばしば出現するとされ, この生活史や生理特性の解明は淡水進出プロセスへの理解を深める上で重要である.海を起源とするハゼ科ウキゴリ属は, 8種の海水・汽水種に加え, 少なくともそれぞれ3種の通し回遊種と淡水種を含み, 海水魚から通し回遊魚, さらには淡水魚に至るまでの生活史進化プロセスを研究する上で好適な分類群である. 互いに近縁な通し回遊種であるウキゴリ, シマウキゴリ, スミウキゴリは, 基本的に淡水域で孵化した直後に海へ降り, 稚魚期に川へ戻る両側回遊型である. 一方, これら3種のうちウキゴリのみに, 一生を淡水域で過ごす陸封集団が多数認められる. また, 淡水湖である琵琶湖には, ウキゴリの最近縁種で淡水性のイサザが生息し, 両種の共通祖先の陸封が淡水性の進化のきっかけとなったことが示唆されている. このように, 陸封は淡水性が派生する上での重要な生態学的機会となりうるため, 陸封を可能にする生理形質の獲得は進化的に重要なイベントであるといえる. しかし, 陸封に際してどのような生理機能を獲得する必要があるかはほとんど分かっていない.本研究では, ウキゴリ属において通し回遊種の陸封化には仔魚の淡水順応能力が鍵を握ると予測し, この検証を行なっている. まず, 陸封化が起こるウキゴリと, 陸封集団の認められないシマウキゴリ, スミウキゴリの間で仔魚の淡水順応能力を比較する生理実験を行なった. さらに, RNA-Seq解析により, この能力の違いをもたらす生理基盤の特定を行った. また, 耳石に蓄積された元素を分析することで, 上記実験に用いた各種の集団の回遊パターンを明らかにした.

In recent years, the sea has entered into the sea, and the life history has become more and more complex. In Haiyuchuan, there is a general response to the disease, and the fresh water in the sea water has been found in the fresh water on the way out of the sea. The physiological characteristics of the life history and the physiological characteristics of the fresh water are very important to understand the importance of fresh water. The origin of the sea is similar to that of the marine family, the number of sea water soda is increased by 8 percent, and several kinds of freshwater species are returned to all kinds of freshwater species in the first half of the year. In the study of the life cycle from fresh water to cold water, there is a good classification cluster in the study of the life cycle of fresh water. In recent years, we have been able to communicate with each other for a variety of drugs, such as the incubation of basic fresh water, the drop of sea water, and the return of children in Sichuan during infancy. On the one hand, there are three kinds of drugs, and most of them believe that they are not safe in freshwater. In recent years, several kinds of freshwater products have been found in Lake Biwa, and several kinds of freshwater products have been used to improve the quality of freshwater in the lake. In order to improve the physiology and physiology, it is necessary to seal the mechanism of important physiology and physiology in the derivative of fresh water. It is necessary to pay attention to the physiological function of the physiology and the ability of the physiology. The purpose of this study is to make sure that there are many kinds of closures, such as the ability of freshwater storage, the ability of freshwater storage, and so on. In the first place, there is no need to pay attention to the fact that the ability of fresh water is better than that of physiology. The RNA-Seq analysis shows that the ability is different from the physiological basis and the specific behavior. The otoliths are stored for the analysis of the elements, and the samples are used for the analysis of all kinds of samples.