Estimation of Biiological Purification Potentials of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Estuarinrin Sediment of Urban River

城市河流的河口沉积物含有石油碳氢化合物，这些石油碳氢化合物来自许多不同的来源，如机动车尾气、燃料燃烧产物、空气中的颗粒物和高沸点石油馏分。我们利用东京市区多摩河河口沉积物测定了石油碳氢化合物底物的好氧和厌氧生物降解率。已知数量的选定的石油碳氢化合物被添加到沉淀物中，沉淀物是通过将沉淀物与河底水（沉淀物：水，1:1）混合而成的。v / v)。我们在试管中加入石油碳氢化合物（100ml体积），然后加入10ml沉淀液。用乙酸乙酯定期从沉积物浆中提取石油烃，然后用FID气相色谱法或分光光度计测定其浓度。当估计厌氧条件下石油烃的最大微生物纯化电位时，固定培养的降解率优于振荡培养。例如，在30天内，十六烷的振动降解率为45%，静止降解率为89%。在十六醇中，31%是通过摇晃，97%是通过固定15天。在对氯酚中，摇匀为6%，固定25天为94%。在间氨基苯甲酸中，摇摇法痕量，静置19天96%。很明显，其原因不是由于震动或基质与降解细胞接触时间短造成的细胞损伤，而是由于培养条件的适应。沉积物岩心实验表明，氧化表层沉积物中的好氧微生物比厌氧沉积物中的微生物降解石油烃的能力更强。在厌氧岩心沉积物中评价了塔玛河中十六烷、菲和蒽的生物净化潜力。

Estuarine sediments in urban rivers contain petroleum hydrocarbons which are derived from numerous deverse sources such as motor vehicle exhaust, fuel combustion products, airborne particulate matter, and high-boiling temperature petroleum distilllates. We determine the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation rates of the substrates of petroleum hydrocarbons using estuarine sediment from the Tama River in urban Tokyo.Known amounts of the selected petroleum hydrocarbons were added to a sediment sulurry which was prepared by mixing the sediment with river bottom water (sediment : water, 1 : 1. v/v). We added petroleum hydrocarbons to a test tube (100ml volume), and then added 10ml of sediment slurry. We periodically extracted petroleum hydrocarbons from the sediment slurry using ethyl acetate, and then determined their concentration by FID gas chromatography or spectrophotometer.When the maximum microbial purification potentials of petroleum hydrocarbons are estimated under anaerobic conditions, the degradation ratio by the stationary culture is better than by the shaking culture. For example, the degradation ratio of hexadecane for 30 days is 45% by shaking and 89% by stationary. In hexadecanol, it is 31% by shaking and 97% by stationary for 15 days. In p-chlorphenol, it is 6% by shakin and 94% by stationary for 25 days. In m-aminobenzoic acid, it is trace by shaking and 96% by stationary for 19 days. It is obvious that the reason is not the cell damage by shaking or short contact time between substrate and degrading cell, but adaptaion of cultivation condition. The[ sediment core experiments suggested that aerobic microorganisms in oxidized surficail sediment were more capable of degrading petroleum hydrocarbon than microorganisms in anaerobic sediment. The bio-purification potential of hexadecane, phenanthrene and anthracene in Tama River were evalutated in anaerobic core sediment.