EFFECTS OF WELL-ROUNDED EXERCISE PROGRAM IN OLDER JAPANESE ADULTS

液压循环运动(HCE)和水基运动(WBE)是合适的运动方式，可以作为老年人全面运动计划的一部分。然而，这两种运动对日本老年人的生理影响尚未确定。我们的目的是确定HCE或我们对老年人的心肺健康、肌肉力量、柔韧性、身体成分、血脂浓度和功能健康的计划。采用自行车功率计运动测量心肺适合度。选择乳酸阈值和最大摄氧量作为心肺功能的指标。使用液压阻力机评估肌力。使用皮褶卡尺评估身体成分。选择以下项目作为身体素质的指标：握力、侧步敏捷、闭眼单腿平衡、躯干屈曲、双手敲击、步行12分钟和生命年龄(一种生物学年龄)。这些项目也被选为功能性健身项目：重复二头肌屈伸、绕着两个锥体走一圈并坐在椅子上、用筷子搬动豆子、功能性伸展和功能性健身年龄。用双能X线骨密度仪测定骨密度。从空腹血样中测定血脂谱。在确定参与者的健康状况后，在12周、轻到中等强度、45~70分钟/天、3天/周的监督下进行锻炼。我们的结果表明，两种运动都能显著改善心肺功能和肌肉力量、血脂浓度、生命年龄、机能健康，以及除骨密度外的其他项目。这些发现支持并确保了我们全面的锻炼方式计划的有效性。

Hydraulic circuit exercise (HCE) and water-based exercise (WBE) are suitable exercise modalities and can be as part of a well-rounded exercise program for older persons. However, the physiological effects of both exercises in Japanese older persons are not yet determined. Our purposes were determine a HCE or WE program on the cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, flexibility, body composition, blood lipids concentrations, and functional fitness of older adults. The cardiorespiratory fitness was measured by using a cycle ergometer exercise. Lactate threshold and peak maximal oxygen uptake were selected as a index of cardiorespiratory fitness. Muscular strength was evaluated using a hydraulic resistance machine. Body composition was assessed using a skinfold caliper. The following items were selected as an index of physical fitness : hand-grip strength, side-to-side stepping agility, single leg balance with eyes closed, trunk flexion, hand tapping, 12-minute walk, and vital age (a kind of biological age). The items were also selected as a functional fitness : repetition of the bicipital flexion/extension, walking around two cones and sitting on a chair, moving beans with chopsticks, and functional reach, and functional fitness age. Bone mineral density was also measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood lipid profile was determined from a fasted blood sample. After determined the participants health status, in a 12-wk, light- to moderate-intensity, 45-to 70-min/day, 3-d/wk supervised exercise program. Our results indicated the both exercises elicit significant improvements in cardio-respiratory fitness and muscular strength, blood lipids concentration, vital age, functional fitness, and other items except bone mineral density. These findings support and assure the effectiveness of our well-rounded exercise modality program.