Effects of body composition and nutritional status on energy metabolism of female athletes.

瘦体质量(LBM)、荷尔蒙状态、能量平衡、既往体力活动等因素已被证明影响能量代谢。本研究调查了32名优秀长跑运动员、11名赛艇运动员和21名久坐对照组的基础代谢率，以及身体成分、营养状况、月经状况对基础代谢率的影响。赛艇运动员的BMR(1346±195kcal/d)显著高于跑步者(1205±152kcal/d)和久坐运动员(1207±158/d)。但每LBM的基础代谢率在三组之间没有显著差异。体重、LBM和能量摄入与基础代谢高度相关(p&lt；0.01)。运动性月经异常跑步者的BMR显著低于正常跑步者(1280±143vs.1171±146，P<0.05)。闭经和月经过少跑步者的日热量摄入量低于月经过少跑步者。这些结果表明，较低的BMR是闭经和月经过少跑步者保持体重的一种机制。

The factors such as lean body mass(LBM), hormonal status, energy balance, previous physical activity has been shown to influence energy metabolism. This study investigated 1) basal metabolic rate(BMR) in 32 elite long distance runners, 11 rowers and 21 sedentary controls, and 2) the effect of body composition, nutritional status, menstrual status on BMR. BMR was significantly higher in rowers(1346±195kcal/day) than in runners(1205±152kcal/day) and sedentary(1207±158/day). But BMR per LBM did not differ significantly among three groups. Body weight, LBM, and energy intake were highly correlated with BMR (p<0.01). BMR in the runners who has athletic menstrual dysfunction was significantly lower than in eumenorrheic runners (1280±143 vs. 1171±146, p<0.05). The daily caloric intakes of amenorrheic and oligomenorrheic runners was lower than in eumenorrheic runners. These results suggest that a lower BMR is one mechanism that contributes to weight maintenance in amenorrheic and oligomenorrheic runners.