Effects of body composition and nutritional status on energy metabolism of female athletes.

瘦体重（LBM）、激素状态、能量平衡、以前的身体活动等因素已被证明会影响能量代谢。本研究调查了32名优秀长跑运动员、11名赛艇运动员和21名久坐不动的对照组的基础代谢率（BMR），以及身体成分、营养状况、月经状况对BMR的影响。赛艇运动员的BMR（1346±195千卡/天）明显高于跑步者（1205±152千卡/天）和久坐者（1207±158千卡/天）。但每磅体重的代谢率在三组之间没有显著差异。体重、LBM、能量摄入与BMR高度相关（p<0.01）。运动月经不全组BMR显著低于月经不全组（1280±143比1171±146，p<0.05）。闭经和少经跑步者的每日热量摄入低于痛经跑步者。这些结果表明，较低的BMR是闭经和少经跑步者体重维持的一种机制。

The factors such as lean body mass(LBM), hormonal status, energy balance, previous physical activity has been shown to influence energy metabolism. This study investigated 1) basal metabolic rate(BMR) in 32 elite long distance runners, 11 rowers and 21 sedentary controls, and 2) the effect of body composition, nutritional status, menstrual status on BMR. BMR was significantly higher in rowers(1346±195kcal/day) than in runners(1205±152kcal/day) and sedentary(1207±158/day). But BMR per LBM did not differ significantly among three groups. Body weight, LBM, and energy intake were highly correlated with BMR (p<0.01). BMR in the runners who has athletic menstrual dysfunction was significantly lower than in eumenorrheic runners (1280±143 vs. 1171±146, p<0.05). The daily caloric intakes of amenorrheic and oligomenorrheic runners was lower than in eumenorrheic runners. These results suggest that a lower BMR is one mechanism that contributes to weight maintenance in amenorrheic and oligomenorrheic runners.