Higher-bit digitization utilized for exposure compensation with digital imaging system for dental office

(1)6种口内摄影数字化成像系统的软件特点。使用6个数字系统：CDR、PanaDigital(PD)、RVG、Sens-A-Ray(SAR)、Visualix(VIX)和Digora。对满口调查的功能进行了评价。软件功能分为图像采集、图像显示和图像保存三大功能。CDR和RVG提供了排列全口调查图像的显示配置。有些系统在获取之前需要多次点击，但不能对VIX进行操作。等待曝光的时间从15秒到无限长不等。默认情况下，PD、RVG和Digora设置了自动曝光补偿。CDR、SAR和VIX(线性模式)的像素值与曝光量成正比。曝光后，捕获的图像自动保存为CDR、SAR和Digora。图像用CDR、RVG和SAR存储在每个Pateint的目录中，PD采用10位存储。RVG，SA…采用了TIF格式更多的R和VIX。RVG和VIX采用了JPEG。阐明了从我们的经验中学到的优点和缺点。软件功能显示出差异。这些系统是为在牙椅侧使用而提供的。它们的设计应该使操作不复杂。(2)牙科办公室新的基于存储磷光体的COMPATED放射成像系统的评估结果。DenOptix CR系统既可用于口腔内检查，也可用于全景检查。DenOptix使用的是成像板。我们研究了新功能、不同的激光扫描间距和自动射程控制(ARC)。使用了下巴体模和头部体模。这些图像是在ARC工作的情况下拍摄的。激光扫描间距设置为150、300或600 dpi。一块牙科X射线束滤光器套件将X射线输出减少到30%。即使当使用两件时，DenOptix仍然能够获得具有可接受图像质量的口腔内图像。DenOptix还具有以最低曝光量获得几乎没有噪音的全景图像的能力。ARC努力补偿曝光不足和过度曝光，从而导致了较大的曝光范围。过度曝光的补偿可能会产生曝光过高的图像，给患者带来超过必要的剂量。(3)来自数字全景放射成像系统的评估结果。DIMAX是一种数字全景摄影系统，它使用固定的、狭窄的二维探测器来代替移动的盒式磁带。本研究的目的是评估作为操作员界面的软件功能以及与曝光相关的图像质量。软件功能被评估为四大功能，如图像采集、显示、存储和传输。用组织等效体模评价照射减少情况。发现了一些优秀的软件功能，如硬件和软件的结合，易于操作，照顾患者的隐私。由于曝光补偿和伽马转换工作良好，由于曝光不足而导致的图像质量不足是可以避免的。在某种程度上，这种补偿对过度曝光起到了作用，但操作员可以很容易地识别过度曝光。较少

(1) Results from software features of six digital imaging systems for intra-oral radiography. Six digital systems, CDR, PanaDigital(PD), RVG, Sens-A-Ray(SAR), Visualix(VIX) and Digora, were used. Function for the full-mouth survey were evaluated. Software features were classified into three functions, such as image acquisition, image display and image saving. CDR and RVG provided the display disposition to arrange images of the full-mouth survey. Some systems needed several times of clicking prior to acquisition, but no operation for VIX. The period for waiting exposure ranged from 15 sec to an infinity. Automatic exposure compensation was set at PD, RVG and Digora by default. Pixel values were proportional to exposures with CDR, SAR and VIX(linear mode). After the exposure, the captured image was automatically saved with CDR, SAR and Digora. Images were stored in each pateint's directory with CDR, RVG and SAR, Ten-bit storage was employed with PD. The TIF format was adopted by RVG, SA … More R andVIX. The RVG and VIX employed the JPEG. Advantages and drawbacks learned through our experiences were clarified. Software features showed differences. These systems are provided for the use at a dental chair side. They should be designed so that operations are not complicated.(2) Results from the evaluation of the new storage phosphor-based compted radiography system for dental office. The denOptix CR system is applicable for both intraoral and panoramic radiographic examinations. The DenOptix uses an imaging plate. We examined the new features, different pitches for laser-scanning and the automatic range control (ARC). A jaw phantom and a head phantom were used. Images were captured with the ARC working. Laser-scanning pitch was set at either 150, 300 or 600 dpi. A piece of the Dental X-ray Beam Filter Kit reduced X-ray output to 30%. Even when two pieces were used, the DenOptix was still capable of obtaining intraoral images with acceptable image quality. The DenOptix has also the capability of obtaining panoramic images with a little detriment of noise with the lowest exposure. The ARC worked to compensate both under- and over-exposures and resulted the wide exposure range. The compensation of over-exposures may result in images created with an exposure that gives the patient a higher dose than necessary.(3) Results from the evaluation of a digital panoramic radiography system. The Dimax is adigital panoramic radiography system which uses a stationary, narrow two-dimensional detector in place of a moving cassette. The purpose of this study is to evaluate software features as an interface to the operator and the image quality related to exposure. Software features were evaluated as four major functions, such as image acquisition, display, storage and transmission. The tissue-equivalent phantom was used to evaluate the exposure reduction. Some excellent software features, for example a combination of hardware and software, ease to operate, care of patient' privacy, were found. The inadequate image quality due to under-exposures was avoidable since the exposure compensation and the gamma conversion worked well. To some extent such compensation worked for over-exposures, but the operator could easily recognize exceeded exposures. Less