Higher-bit digitization utilized for exposure compensation with digital imaging system for dental office

(1)六种口腔内放射造影数字成像系统的软件特性分析结果。采用CDR、pandigital （PD）、RVG、Sens-A-Ray（SAR）、Visualix（VIX）和Digora 6种数字系统。评估全口调查的功能。软件功能分为图像采集、图像显示和图像保存三个功能。CDR和RVG提供显示配置来排列全口调查图像。有些系统在获取之前需要多次点击，但VIX不需要操作。等待曝光的时间从15秒到无穷大不等。PD、RVG和Digora默认设置自动曝光补偿。像素值与CDR、SAR和VIX（线性模式）的曝光成正比。曝光后，将拍摄的图像自动保存为CDR、SAR和Digora。图像用CDR、RVG和SAR存储在每个患者的目录中，PD采用10位存储。TIF格式被RVG， SA…More R和vix采用。RVG和VIX采用JPEG格式。通过我们的经验总结了优点和缺点。软件特性显示出差异。这些系统是为在牙科椅旁使用而提供的。它们的设计应该使操作不复杂。(2)新型储磷基口腔放射造影系统的评价结果。denOptix CR系统适用于口腔内和全景放射检查。DenOptix使用成像板。我们研究了新特性，激光扫描的不同间距和自动距离控制（ARC）。下颌假体和头部假体被使用。图像是在ARC工作时拍摄的。激光扫描间距设置为150,300或600dpi。一件牙科x射线束过滤套件将x射线输出减少到30%。即使使用两片片，DenOptix仍然能够获得可接受的图像质量的口内图像。DenOptix还具有获得全景图像的能力，具有最低曝光的噪声损害很小。ARC补偿了曝光不足和曝光过度，从而产生了宽曝光范围。过度曝光的补偿可能导致在给病人的曝光下产生的图像比必要的剂量高。(3)数字全景射线照相系统的评价结果。Dimax是一种数字全景射线照相系统，它使用一个固定的、狭窄的二维探测器来代替一个移动的卡带。本研究的目的是评估作为操作人员界面的软件功能以及与曝光相关的图像质量。软件功能分为图像采集、显示、存储和传输四大功能。使用组织等效模体来评估暴露减少程度。发现了一些优秀的软件功能，例如硬件和软件的结合，易于操作，照顾患者的隐私。由于曝光补偿和伽马转换工作良好，可以避免曝光不足导致的图像质量不足。在某种程度上，这种补偿对过度曝光有效，但操作员很容易识别过度曝光。少

(1) Results from software features of six digital imaging systems for intra-oral radiography. Six digital systems, CDR, PanaDigital(PD), RVG, Sens-A-Ray(SAR), Visualix(VIX) and Digora, were used. Function for the full-mouth survey were evaluated. Software features were classified into three functions, such as image acquisition, image display and image saving. CDR and RVG provided the display disposition to arrange images of the full-mouth survey. Some systems needed several times of clicking prior to acquisition, but no operation for VIX. The period for waiting exposure ranged from 15 sec to an infinity. Automatic exposure compensation was set at PD, RVG and Digora by default. Pixel values were proportional to exposures with CDR, SAR and VIX(linear mode). After the exposure, the captured image was automatically saved with CDR, SAR and Digora. Images were stored in each pateint's directory with CDR, RVG and SAR, Ten-bit storage was employed with PD. The TIF format was adopted by RVG, SA … More R andVIX. The RVG and VIX employed the JPEG. Advantages and drawbacks learned through our experiences were clarified. Software features showed differences. These systems are provided for the use at a dental chair side. They should be designed so that operations are not complicated.(2) Results from the evaluation of the new storage phosphor-based compted radiography system for dental office. The denOptix CR system is applicable for both intraoral and panoramic radiographic examinations. The DenOptix uses an imaging plate. We examined the new features, different pitches for laser-scanning and the automatic range control (ARC). A jaw phantom and a head phantom were used. Images were captured with the ARC working. Laser-scanning pitch was set at either 150, 300 or 600 dpi. A piece of the Dental X-ray Beam Filter Kit reduced X-ray output to 30%. Even when two pieces were used, the DenOptix was still capable of obtaining intraoral images with acceptable image quality. The DenOptix has also the capability of obtaining panoramic images with a little detriment of noise with the lowest exposure. The ARC worked to compensate both under- and over-exposures and resulted the wide exposure range. The compensation of over-exposures may result in images created with an exposure that gives the patient a higher dose than necessary.(3) Results from the evaluation of a digital panoramic radiography system. The Dimax is adigital panoramic radiography system which uses a stationary, narrow two-dimensional detector in place of a moving cassette. The purpose of this study is to evaluate software features as an interface to the operator and the image quality related to exposure. Software features were evaluated as four major functions, such as image acquisition, display, storage and transmission. The tissue-equivalent phantom was used to evaluate the exposure reduction. Some excellent software features, for example a combination of hardware and software, ease to operate, care of patient' privacy, were found. The inadequate image quality due to under-exposures was avoidable since the exposure compensation and the gamma conversion worked well. To some extent such compensation worked for over-exposures, but the operator could easily recognize exceeded exposures. Less