Kaposi's sarcoma : Disease manifestations and molecular pathology

对非洲卡波西肉瘤（KS）进行了基于医院活检和手术标本的组织病理学观察。尽可能准确地收集患者的年龄、性别、民族、居住地、宏观外貌等相关信息和临床资料。此外，在美国等国家观察了100多例艾滋病患者和经典形式的KS。非洲地方性KS的发病率和年龄分布约占非洲所有恶性肿瘤的2.0% ~ 5.7%，分别在早期和中老年出现两个高峰。男女比例约为9:1。自1981年以来，随着艾滋病的流行，艾滋病- ks病例的数量显著增加。KS为软组织病变。KS巢的主要组织学特征是维管增生和维管组织间隙的梭形细胞。前者表现为血管增生性病变，偶有水肿改变和轻微炎性细胞浸润，后者表现为梭形细胞密集增生，尤其在非洲地方性KS中。通过免疫病理学和分子病理学方法，KS病变的未成熟和成熟内皮细胞和梭形细胞对间充质细胞呈阳性反应。部分KS细胞在疾病前期出现退行性变化。在我们的皮肤和淋巴结的非洲地方性KS的超微结构研究中，KS的毛细血管显示出血液毛细血管的流产生长。流式细胞术DNA分析显示KS细胞为二倍体。KS病变可能与免疫抑制或某些免疫因素有关。KS的疾病实体仍不清楚。在非洲皮肤地方性KS的晚期，特别是在老年患者。血管瘤组织和梭形细胞的增生在疾病的长期发展过程中可能转变为肿瘤增生。KS在开始时可能是可逆的增生，在某些情况下，在晚期可能转变为真正的肿瘤。然而，对KS的直接致病因子包括病毒、发病机制和疾病实体仍有争议。少

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were studied based on hospital based histopathological observation of biopsy and surgical specimens in Africa. Relevant information and clinical data including age, sex, ethnic group, place of residence, and macroscopic appearances were collected as accurately as possible. Moreover, more than 100 cases of KS of AIDS patients and classical form in the United States and other countries were observed. The incidence and age distribution of African endemic KS were about 2.0%-5.7% of all malignant tumors in Africa and two peaks in early age and in middle to advanced age respectively. The male to female ratio was about 9 : 1. A remarkable increase in the number of cases of AIDS-KS has been observed along with the epidemic of AIDS since 1981. KS is soft tissue lesions. The predominant histological features of KS nests are fundamentally vascular proliferation and spindle-shaped cells in interspaces of the vascular tissue. The former is characterized by an angioproliferativ … More e lesion occasionally accompanied by edematous changes and a slight inflammatory cell infiltration, and the latter is characterized by dense proliferation of spindle-shaped cells, especial]y in African endemic KS. By immunopathological and molecular pathological methods, immature and mature endothelial cells and spindle-shaped cells of KS lesions show a positive reaction for mesenchymal cells. Some KS cells show regressive change in advance stage of the diseases. In our ultrastructural study of African endemic KS of the skin and lymph nodes, the capillaries of KS showed an abortive growth of the blood capillaries. Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that KS cells were diploid. The lesions of KS may be caused by immunological suppression or some immune factors. The disease entity of KS is still obscure. In the advanced stages of African cutaneous endemic KS, especially in older patients. Hyperplasia of angiomatous tissues and spindle-shaped cells may transform into neoplastic proliferation in the long course of the disease. KS may be a reversible hyperplasia at its inception, and in some cases, may transform into a true neoplasm at the advanced stages. However, the direct causative agents including viruses, pathogenesis and disease entity of KS are still contoversial. Less