Geopathology and Pathogenesis of Emerging Diseases

由于艾滋病、病毒性疾病、细菌性疾病、原虫病和寄生虫病等新出现和再出现的疾病的流行，医学领域取得显著进展的观念最近受到了挑战。我们控制新出现和重新出现的传染病的办法必须具有广泛的基础。在我们共同努力应对这一国际问题时，我们必须继续与有关团体进行国际讨论和互动。这种感染造成的问题是一个空前复杂的问题。在现有控制措施证明足够的条件下，许多传染病的发病率有望下降或分布发生变化。为应对这种未来挑战而制定的计划必须强调基础研究，以改进预测和预防。日本长崎大学热带医学研究所（ITM/长崎）和美国国立卫生研究院国家过敏和传染病研究所（nlay /NIH）建立了一个联合项目，交换关于新发和再发疾病的信息、研究成果、数据库以及未来前景和规划，特别是在发病机制、病因因素和地理病理学方面。ITM/长崎介绍了热带野外工作活动，NIAID/NIH展示了实验室工作和信息收集和访问系统。我们在本研究中描述的总体策略旨在解决每个需求。它描述了一项计划，以加强对影响疾病发生的多种宿主、病原体和环境因素的基础和应用研究。虽然这个项目代表了一个独特的观点，但应该从参与制定应对新出现疾病计划的校外科学界获得咨询意见和投入。我们特别要感谢美国的专家参与我们的审议和评论。

The perception of remarkable advances in the fields of medicine has recently been challenged due to epidemics of emergining and reemerging diseases such as AIDS, and viral, bacterial, protozoal, and parasitic diseases. Our approach to the control of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases must be broad-based. It is essential that we continue internationally discussions and interactions with concemed groups as we work together to confront this international problem.The problem posed by such infections is one of unparalleled complexity. Many infectious diseases can be expected to decrease in incidence or change in distribution under conditions in which currently available control measures prove sufficient. A plan to prepare for such future challenges must emphasize fundamental research to improve prediction and prevention.Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Japan (ITM/Nagasaki) and National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, USA (NLAID/NIH) have established joint project for the exchange of information, research results, data base, and future prospects and planning on emerging and reemerging diseases, especially on the aspects of pathogenesis, etiological factors, and geopathology. ITM/Nagasaki has introduced tropical field work activity and NIAID/NIH has shown laboratory work and information collecting and access system.Our overall strategy described in this research aims to address each of needs. It describes a plan to strengthen basic and applied research on the multiple host, pathogen, and environmental factors that influence diasease emergence.Although this project represents a unique perspective, advice and input should be obtained from the extramural scientific community involved in developing a plan for dealing with emerging diseases. In particular, we wish to thank the experts of U.S.who joined us to review and comment on this subject.