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Comparative Research on the Agricultural Problem and Refugees in East and West German Village after World War 2

二战后东西德乡村农业问题与难民的比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
09660242
负责人：
ADACHI Yoshihiro
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
KYOTO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09660242/
关键词：
Land Reform Refugees Problem in Germany Agriculture in East Germany German Village after W.W.II New Farmer Farm Worker 戦後ドイツ難民問題戦後ドイツ史ドイツ農業史東ドイツ戦後ドイツ農業メクレンブルク難民問題戦後ドイツ農業集団化

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to explain the agricultural problem and the refugees in East and West Germany after W.W.2. As the main material I used administrative documents of Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommem in 1945-1952.As the result I came to the conclusion as follows1.We must distinguish the refugees-new-farmers from the native-new-farmer, for we have discussed them as the same category "Neubauer" before. On the other hand we should turn our attention to the refugees as the seasonal agricultural workers in village, who have been almost neglected in the description of GDR history.2.In this period a matter of the public concern was how to serve teams and tractors to the new farmer. We find out that in response of this problem the agents of county exerted often their power especially with thinking of the management of refugees new farmer. Although it is confirmed that new farmer give up their management as is pointed out before, there were many cases that the county government requisitioned the land of new farmers regarded as unprofitable. Moreover, a part of the new farmers, probably from refugees family, lumbered woods illegally. On the location we can often recognize the so-called refugees village, where beside new farmer a variety of non-farmer refugees and a small group of native farmer lived together3.Comparing with East German village we can indicate the feature of the West German village as follows; (1) the policy of land reform in West Germany have less relationship with the refugees problem than in East Germany. (2) labor problem and housing problem stood in the center of the rural refugees problem in both East and West Germany. (3) it was observed that in the choice of marriage partner people inclined to give priority to social class identity.

本研究的目的是解释二战后东德和西德的农业问题和难民问题。作为主要材料，我使用了1945-1952年梅克伦堡-福尔波姆土地的行政文件，得出以下结论：1.我们必须区分难民-新农民和土著-新农民，因为我们以前曾将他们作为一个范畴来讨论。另一方面，我们应该把注意力转向难民，他们是村里的季节性农业工人，在描述民主德国历史时，他们几乎被忽视了。2.在这一时期，如何为新农民服务，是公众关注的问题。我们发现，在应对这一问题时，县里的代理人经常运用他们的权力，特别是在难民、新农民的管理方面。尽管如前文所述，新农人放弃经营已被确认，但县政府征用被认为无利可图的新农人土地的案例也很多。此外，新农民中的一部分可能来自难民家庭，他们非法伐木。在位置上，我们经常可以看到所谓的难民村，那里除了新农民外，还有各种非农民难民和一小群本地农民一起生活。3.与东德村庄相比，我们可以看出西德村庄的特点：(1)西德的土地改革政策与难民问题的关系不如东德。(2)劳动力问题和住房问题是东德和西德农村难民问题的中心问题。(3)在婚姻伴侣的选择上，人们倾向于优先考虑社会阶层认同。