Comparative Research on the Agricultural Problem and Refugees in East and West German Village after World War 2

本研究的目的是解释二战后东德和西德的农业问题和难民问题。作为主要材料，我使用了1945-1952年梅克伦堡州的行政文件。作为结果，我得出了如下结论。我们必须把逃难的新农民和本地的新农民区别开来，因为我们在前面已经把他们当作同一类“纽鲍尔”来讨论过。另一方面，我们应该把注意力转向作为农村季节性农业工人的难民，他们在德意志民主共和国的历史描述中几乎被忽视了。在这一时期，公众关心的问题是如何为新农民提供车队和拖拉机。我们发现，为了应对这一问题，县政府的代理人经常运用他们的权力，特别是考虑到对难民新农民的管理。虽然如前所述，新农民放弃经营已经得到了证实，但在很多情况下，县政府认为新农民无利可图而征用他们的土地。此外，一部分可能来自难民家庭的新农民非法伐木。在地理位置上，我们常常能认出所谓的难民村，在那里，除了新农民之外，还有各种各样的非农民难民和一小群当地农民住在一起。与东德乡村相比，我们可以看出西德乡村的特点：(1)与东德相比，西德土地改革政策与难民问题的关系较小。(2)劳动问题和住房问题是东西德农村难民问题的核心。(3)在选择婚姻对象时，人们倾向于优先考虑社会阶层身份。

The purpose of this research is to explain the agricultural problem and the refugees in East and West Germany after W.W.2. As the main material I used administrative documents of Land Mecklenburg-Vorpommem in 1945-1952.As the result I came to the conclusion as follows1.We must distinguish the refugees-new-farmers from the native-new-farmer, for we have discussed them as the same category "Neubauer" before. On the other hand we should turn our attention to the refugees as the seasonal agricultural workers in village, who have been almost neglected in the description of GDR history.2.In this period a matter of the public concern was how to serve teams and tractors to the new farmer. We find out that in response of this problem the agents of county exerted often their power especially with thinking of the management of refugees new farmer. Although it is confirmed that new farmer give up their management as is pointed out before, there were many cases that the county government requisitioned the land of new farmers regarded as unprofitable. Moreover, a part of the new farmers, probably from refugees family, lumbered woods illegally. On the location we can often recognize the so-called refugees village, where beside new farmer a variety of non-farmer refugees and a small group of native farmer lived together3.Comparing with East German village we can indicate the feature of the West German village as follows; (1) the policy of land reform in West Germany have less relationship with the refugees problem than in East Germany. (2) labor problem and housing problem stood in the center of the rural refugees problem in both East and West Germany. (3) it was observed that in the choice of marriage partner people inclined to give priority to social class identity.