Environmental Conservation and Agricultural land Use in Toyama Valley, Upper Watershed of Tenryu River

1.选取了富山谷地典型农业村落西莫古里作为研究区域。山区有西莫古里，是一个地形陡峭复杂的旱地农庄。对气象要素(气温、地温、降水量、太阳辐射)进行了观测，并对部分农田的土壤侵蚀破坏进行了测量。考察了耕作方式与耕作作物、耕作日历、水土保持措施等农田的关系。对研究区地形气象因子的分析表明，西莫古里具有较有利的作物生产气候条件，但由于地处山势陡峭的南坡，容易受到土壤的破坏。虽然研究区农业属于自给自足农业，采用传统技术，即多熟种植，没有机械化，但对农田土壤的破坏很小。因此，传统的种植制度和技术在水土保持和环境管理中发挥着重要的作用。根据农业普查，富山山谷的废弃农田增加。近二十年来，由于人口的减少和老年人口的增加，山区的这一问题变得更加严重。

1. Simoguri, typical agricultural village in Toyama valley, was selected as a studying area. There is Simoguri in the mountainous area and is an upland farm village with steep and complicated topology. We observed meteorological factors (air temperature, soil temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation) and measured soil erosion damages at the some cropping fields. The relationships between farming method and agricultural fields, such as cultivating crop, cropping calendar and soil conservation methods, were examined.2. Our analysis of the topo-meteorological factor at the study area demonstrates that Simoguri has relatively favorable climate conditions on the cropping production but tends to receive damage of the soil because of it's being on the steep southern slope of a mountain.3. Although the agriculture at the study area is a subsistence farming with traditional technique which is multi crop cultivation without mechanization, there is little damage of the soil on the cropping field. Consequently, the traditional cropping system and technique take an important role in the soil conservation and the environmental management.4. According to the agricultural census, the abandoned agricultural field increases in Toyama Valley. This problem in mountain region becomes worse due to the progress of depopulation and the increase of old person in the last twenty years.