Generation and amplification of cosmic magnetic fields by kinetic plasma instabilities

全电离和部分电离等离子体中各向异性粒子分布的动力学不稳定性产生和放大了弱放大和弱传播的宇宙磁场，这与许多宇宙源有关，包括宇宙种子磁场和强大的流出源，如太阳耀斑、恒星风和星系风、脉冲星风星云、超新星冲击波和活动星系核的相对论喷流和伽马射线爆发源。磁场的存在是在这类源中出现非热现象的强制性要求，这些源是公认的高能光子辐射源。因为在一个适当的参照系中，任何宇宙流出源都可以被模拟为逆流等离子体，所以这种源的磁化是通过韦贝尔型(在未磁化的等离子体中)和丝化(在弱磁化的等离子体中)不稳定性发生的，这些不稳定性在空间中产生非周期波动，最初纯粹是随着时间增长的。我们的研究集中在这种涨落的时间演化、饱和程度、各向异性等离子体的有限空间范围的影响、相关的横向电场涨落的作用以及等离子体粒子和高能带电测试粒子的散射长度和能量扩散率的计算。

The generation and amplification of weakly amplified and weakly propagating cosmic magnetic fields by kinetic instabilities of anisotropic particle distributions in fully and partially ionised plasmas is relevant for many cosmic sources including cosmological seed magnetic fields and powerful outflow sources such as solar flares, stellar and galactic winds, pulsar wind nebula, supernova shock waves and relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei and gamma-ray burst sources. The existence of magnetic fields is a mandatory requirement for the onset of nonthermal phenomena in such sources, that are well-established sources of high-energy photon radiation. Because in an appropriate frame of reference any cosmic outflow source can be modeled as counterstreaming plasmas, the magnetisation of such sources occurs by Weibel-type (in unmagnetised plasmas) and filamentation (in weakly magnetised plasmas) instabilities that generate aperiodic fluctuations in space which initially purely grow with time. Our investigations concentrate on the time evolution of such fluctuations, their saturation level, the influence of finite spatial extents of anisotropic plasmas, the role of associated transverse electric field fluctuations, and the calculation of scattering lengths and energy diffusion rates of plasma particles and energetic charged test particles.