Time-dependent transport of energetic charged particles in the dynamical heliosphere

在对日球层内部的三维结构（主要是在太阳活动极小期）进行了10年非常成功的探索之后，尤利西斯号宇宙飞船现在又开始向高纬度方向进发了。与之前的极小期任务不同的是，尤利西斯号现在开始在它环绕太阳的第二个非黄道轨道上经历太阳极大期条件。这为研究太阳极大活动期宇宙射线和其他高能粒子的三维传输提供了独特的机会。在此期间，人们对各种输运过程的重要性知之甚少，特别是对高度变化的太阳风等离子体中扩散和大尺度梯度和曲率漂移对太阳活动的依赖。由于尤利西斯号上的基尔电子望远镜（keel electron Telescope， KET）具有独特的运行轨迹和长期的数据记录，因此对星系宇宙射线和木星电子强度的观测非常适合研究三维粒子输运。预计尤利西斯将继续记录一个完整的太阳活动周期，至少到2002年。这些数据结合模型计算，使用在Potchefstroom大学和波鸿大学开发的复杂的多维数值输运模型，将使我们能够确定各种调制过程的重要性，并约束相关的输运参数（例如扩散系数）。德国和南非小组之间的合作将使我们能够提高目前对太阳调制银河宇宙射线以及木星电子传播的理解。基于双方的实验和建模专业知识，我们期待成功和富有成效的联合研究合作。

After a decade of highly successful exploration of the three-dimensional structure of the inner heliosphere mainly during solar minimum activity, the Ulysses spacecraft is now heading towards high heliographic latitudes again. In difference to the previous minimum mission, Ulysses now starts to experience solar maximum conditions in its second out-of-ecliptic orbit around the Sun. This offers the unique opportunity to investigate the three-dimensional transport of cosmic rays and other energetic particles during a solar maximum activity period. Very little is known about the importance of the various transport processes during such periods, in particular about the solar activity dependence of diffusion and large-scale gradient and curvature drifts in the highly variable solar wind plasma. The observations of both galactic cosmic ray and Jovian electron intensities with the Kiel Electron Telescope (KET) onboard Ulysses are ideally suited to study the three-dimensional particle transport because of the spacecraft's unique trajectory and the longterm data recording by the KET instrument. It is expected that Ulysses will continue to record a complete solar activity cycle at least until 2002. These data combined with model calculations, using sophisticated multi-dimensional numerical transport models developed at the Universities of Potchefstroom and Bochum, will allow us to determine the significance of the various modulation processes and constrain the relevant transport parameters (e.g. the diffusion coefficients). The intended collaboration between the German and South African groups will enable us to improve the current understanding of solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays as well as the propagation of Jovian electrons. Based on the experimental and modelling expertise on either side we anticipate a successful and productive joint research collaboration.