Role of the compound eye and ocellus in photoperiodism

本研究旨在研究复眼和眼球细胞的光接收在光周期病中的作用。一项手术切除复眼的实验表明，在普通Armadillidium中，复眼参与了光周期。Kumagaii幼虫对光周期的敏感度随着茎的消融而丧失。但术后死亡率高，昆虫数量不足以得出结论，复眼在日本小蠊和白背天牛若虫中的作用尚不清楚。虽然复眼以外的感光器也可以接收光周期的光信息，但在光周期中，复眼在光周期中起主要作用。此外，复眼是光周期运动的主要感光器，而黑筋膜双眼线虫和原激素性光感受器同时利用视网膜外光感受器和复眼来控制昼夜节律。因此，我们认为视网膜外光感受器在大脑中广泛分布，复眼、视网膜外感受器或这两种类型的光感受器根据物种的不同而起作用。

The present study aims to examine the role of photoreception by the compound eyes and ocelli in photoperiodism. An experiment with surgical removal of the compound eyes suggested that in Armadillidium vulgare the compound eyes are involved in the photoperiodism. Larvae of Leptocarabus kumagaii lost the sensitivity to photoperiod by ablation of the stemmata. However, the mortality after operation was high and the number of insects was not enough for conclusion.The role of the compound eyes in nymphs of Blattela nipponica and Poecilocoris lewisi is still unclear. In Plautia crossota stali, the compound eyes play a major role in the photoperiodism, although photoreceptors other than the compound eyes can also receive photic information for photoperiodism. Furthermore, Dianemobius nigrofasciatus and Protophormia terraenovae, in which the compound eyes have been shown to be the principal photoreceptor for photoperiodism, used both extraretinal photoreceptors and compound eyes for its entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm.Therefore, it is suggested that extraretinal photoreceptors in the brain is widely distributed and that compound eyes, extraretinal receptors or both types of photoreceptor are operative depending on the species.