Role of the compound eye and ocellus in photoperiodism

本研究旨在探讨复眼和眼细胞的光接受在光周期中的作用。手术切除复眼的实验表明，普通犰狳的复眼与光周期有关。熊毛细缕虫幼虫对光周期的敏感性因茎干的消融而丧失。但术后死亡率高，昆虫数量不足，无法得出结论。复眼在日本小蠊和lewis Poecilocoris若虫中的作用尚不清楚。在斜斜Plautia中，复眼在光周期中起主要作用，尽管复眼以外的光感受器也可以接收光信息以实现光周期。此外，黑斑蝶和地斑原蝇的复眼已被证明是光周期的主要光感受器，它们同时使用视网膜外光感受器和复眼来调节昼夜活动节奏。因此，提示视网膜外光感受器在大脑中分布广泛，复眼、视网膜外光感受器或两种光感受器都有作用，视物种而异。

The present study aims to examine the role of photoreception by the compound eyes and ocelli in photoperiodism. An experiment with surgical removal of the compound eyes suggested that in Armadillidium vulgare the compound eyes are involved in the photoperiodism. Larvae of Leptocarabus kumagaii lost the sensitivity to photoperiod by ablation of the stemmata. However, the mortality after operation was high and the number of insects was not enough for conclusion.The role of the compound eyes in nymphs of Blattela nipponica and Poecilocoris lewisi is still unclear. In Plautia crossota stali, the compound eyes play a major role in the photoperiodism, although photoreceptors other than the compound eyes can also receive photic information for photoperiodism. Furthermore, Dianemobius nigrofasciatus and Protophormia terraenovae, in which the compound eyes have been shown to be the principal photoreceptor for photoperiodism, used both extraretinal photoreceptors and compound eyes for its entrainment of the circadian activity rhythm.Therefore, it is suggested that extraretinal photoreceptors in the brain is widely distributed and that compound eyes, extraretinal receptors or both types of photoreceptor are operative depending on the species.