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Ecohydrological process studies and model development to evaluate the impact of land-use change and vegetation dynamics on the hydrological cycle and the biogeochemical cycling

生态水文过程研究和模型开发，以评估土地利用变化和植被动态对水文循环和生物地球化学循环的影响

基本信息

批准号：
88450359
负责人：
Professorin Dr. Eva Nora Paton
金额：
--
依托单位：
Fachgebiet Ökohydrologie und Landschaftsbewertung
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Independent Junior Research Groups
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2007-12-31 至 2015-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/88450359?language=en
关键词：
Ecohydrological process studies model development

项目摘要

Many ecosystems around the globe are affected by the impacts of land-use or vegetation change, which have become necessary to comply with food demand, raising crop prices and lately the demand for bioenergy production and the effects of climate change. Extreme land-use changes often lead to manifold adverse effects on the land and water resources such as land degradation and desertification, increased soil erosion, nutrient depletion, pesticide and nutrient contamination of water resources and changes in runoff regimes. For the state Brandenburg in Germany, for example, an intensification of agricultural production is predicted for the near future due to an increased demand for biofuel production, however the impacts of intensive farming methods with e.g. maize and rape monocultures on the water and biogeochemical cycle and land resources are uncertain and potentially lead to increased use of fertilisers, pesticides and nitrification of water resources. The Central parts of Brazil, in the Mato Grosso region within the Amazon Basin, is another example where large areas of natural forests were replaced by cropland for food and bioenergy production, resulting in a major shift in ecosystem stability. A third example of unsustainable land-use change is the south-western part of the United States, where massive overgrazing led to an irreversible, ongoing desertification and land degradation from productive grassland to desert shrubland. The increasing recognition of the importance of ecohydrological processes in understanding the link between the hydrologic cycle and vegetation and land-use change dynamics has enforced the need for future research to consider the interdependence, interactions and feedback mechanisms between ecological and hydrological processes. In this project, ecohydrological process understanding will be derived through detailed temporal and spatially distributed field sampling in different ecosystems around the globe. An integrated ecohydrological modelling tools at the micro- and meso-scale will be developed and applied to vegetation dynamics and land-use change scenarios for study sites in Brandenburg (Germany), Mato Grosso (Brazil) and Jornada (New Mexico, USA). It is expected that the development and application of the novel ecohydrological, process-based modelling tools at the interface between hydrology and ecology will provide valuable insights for the understanding, controlling and water and land-use management of emerging problems and crises related to climate, vegetation and land-use change.

全球许多生态系统都受到土地利用或植被变化的影响，这已成为满足粮食需求、提高作物价格以及最近对生物能源生产的需求和气候变化影响的必要条件。极端的土地利用变化往往对土地和水资源造成多方面的不利影响，例如土地退化和荒漠化、土壤侵蚀加剧、养分枯竭、水资源受到农药和养分污染以及径流制度的变化。例如，对于德国勃兰登堡州来说，由于对生物燃料生产的需求增加，预计在不久的将来农业生产将会加强，然而，集约化耕作方法（例如玉米和油菜单一栽培）对水和生物地球化学循环以及土地资源的影响是不确定的，并可能导致化肥、农药和水资源硝化的使用增加。巴西中部的马托格罗索州是另一个例子，在那里，大面积的天然林被用于粮食和生物能源生产的农田所取代，导致了生态系统稳定性的重大转变。不可持续的土地利用变化的第三个例子是美国西南部，在那里，大规模的过度放牧导致了不可逆转的、持续的荒漠化和土地退化，从多产的草地变成了沙漠灌木地。人们日益认识到生态水文过程在理解水文循环与植被和土地利用变化动态之间的联系方面的重要性，这迫使未来的研究需要考虑生态和水文过程之间的相互依存、相互作用和反馈机制。在这个项目中，生态水文过程的理解将通过在全球不同生态系统中进行详细的时空分布的野外采样来获得。将在勃兰登堡（德国）、马托格罗索（巴西）和Jornada（美国新墨西哥州）的研究地点开发微型和中尺度综合生态水文模拟工具，并将其应用于植被动态和土地利用变化情景。预计在水文学和生态学之间的界面上开发和应用新的生态水文，基于过程的建模工具将为理解，控制以及与气候，植被和土地利用变化相关的新问题和危机的水和土地利用管理提供有价值的见解。