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Heat Transfer Model of Buildings For Heat Island Analysis

用于热岛分析的建筑物传热模型

基本信息

批准号：
09450215
负责人：
SAKAMOTO Yuzo
金额：
$ 4.22万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09450215/
关键词：
urban climate radiation transfer heat island building envelope thermal environment absorption of radiation land use 放射熱環境地理情報システム街区指標潜熱放散外壁窓面積率

项目摘要

In the urban climate analysis, influences of buildings are usually dealt with very simply. But if the relation between urban climates, and shapes and materials of buildings is investigated, we can take them into consideration in architectural and city planning. In order to incorporate the effects of buildings in the urban climate modeling, we mainly study the radiation heat transfer between urban surface components and the sky. The results of this research are as follows :1. First of all, we extracted urban indices such as building coverage, rate of building volume to lot, ratio of street width and number of buildings from the GIS data provided by the Tokyo metropolitan government, and then we investigated the relation between the short/long radiation absorption factors and the extracted urban indices. It was confirmed by preceding case studies that the influence of unevenness of building heights is negligible. Many case studies were performed according to the design of experiment, and the estimation method of the radiation factors was developed by using multiple regression analysis. 2. There is not enough of the building envelope data, therefore, we investigated the actual conditions of the building envelope in four 500m by 500m areas (Marunouchi, Kanda, Kasai and Todoroki). The investigated items are percentage of window area, color, unevenness and glass type. The relationship of those items with building use and orientation was analyzed. To mention one of the results, the percentage of window area per envelope of office-use building has a normal distribution with 40% average and does not depend on the orientation. 3. The Nishioka-Matsuo's urban climate mnodel was applied to urban canopy simulation in real 500m by 500m areas (Marunouchi, Kanda, Kasai) mentioned above. The maximum temperature in Marunouchi is 1.6K higher than that in Kasai in a typical summer day.

在城市气候分析中，建筑物的影响通常被简单地处理。但是，如果研究城市气候与建筑物形状和材料的关系，我们就可以在建筑和城市规划中考虑它们。为了将建筑物的影响纳入到城市气候模型中，我们主要研究了城市地表组件与天空之间的辐射换热。研究结果如下：1.首先，从东京都政府提供的地理信息系统数据中提取了建筑覆盖率、建筑容积率、街道宽度比和建筑数量等城市指标，并研究了长短辐射吸收因子与提取的城市指标的关系。以前的案例研究证实，建筑物高度不均的影响可以忽略不计。根据实验设计进行了大量的案例研究，并利用多元回归分析方法建立了辐射因子的估算方法。2.由于没有足够的建筑围护结构数据，因此，我们调查了丸之内、神田、葛西和Todoroki四个500m×500米区域的建筑围护结构的实际情况。调查项目包括窗户面积百分比、颜色、不平整度和玻璃类型。分析了这些项目与建筑用途和朝向的关系。值得一提的是，办公楼每围护结构的窗户面积百分比服从正态分布，平均值为40%，与朝向无关。3.将Nishioka-Matsuo的城市气候模型应用于上述500米区域(丸之内、神田、开赛)的真实500米区域的城市冠层模拟。在一个典型的夏日，丸之内的最高气温比开赛高出1.6K。