Research on Air Pollution and Evaluation of the Environmental Effects in Siberian Wetland.

西伯利亚湿地空气污染及环境影响评价研究。

• 批准号: 09041120
• 负责人: OHTA Sachio
• 金额: $ 5.38万
• 依托单位: HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09041120/
• 关键词: Siberian wetland; air pollution; Arctic haze; Norilsk mining; sulfur dioxide; deposition and accumulation; sulfate; heavy metals; 銅・ニッケル精錬; シベリアカラマツ; コケ; 土壌; 重金属汚染成分; 大気エアロゾル; 硫酸イオン粒子; 有機物粒子; 黒色純炭素; バナジウム; IPC質量分析

Atmospheric concentrations of aerosol chemical species and gaseous pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide have been measured at Yakutsk, Tiksi and Norilsk in Siberia since 1994.At Tiksi concentrations of elemental carbon, organic matter, sulfate and heavy metals as lead, copper, vanadium, nickel and arsenic increase in winter and spring. The results show occurance of the arctic haze also around Tiksi area.At Norilsk, atmospheric concentration of sulfur dioxide is high as 260 ppbv, which is ten times more than that in Sapporo. Pine leaves, moss and surface soil around Norilsk contain much amount of sulfate and heavy metals as copper, nickel, cobalt and lead, which are derived from the nickel and copper smeltery in Norilsk city. The upper layer in the surface soil (active layer) contains higher concentrations of sulfate and heavy metals. By using the vertical profile of the pollutant concentration in soil, we calculated accumulation of the pollutants for these 30 years emitted from the smeltry in Norilsk city.Ten days backward trajectory analysis shows that a large amount of air pollutants is transported from Ural industry and Norilsk area to Tiksi in winter.

自1994年以来，在西伯利亚雅库茨克、提克西和诺里尔斯克等地观测了大气气溶胶化学组分和气态污染物二氧化硫、一氧化氮和二氧化氮的浓度。结果表明，北极灰霾也发生在Tiksi地区，其中诺里尔斯克的大气二氧化硫浓度高达260 ppbv，是札幌的10倍。诺里尔斯克周围的松树叶、苔藓和表层土壤中含有大量的硫酸盐和铜、镍、钴、铅等重金属，这些重金属来自诺里尔斯克市的镍铜冶炼厂。表层土壤中的上层（活性层）含有较高浓度的硫酸盐和重金属。利用土壤中污染物浓度的垂直剖面图，计算了诺里尔斯克冶炼厂30年来排放的污染物累积量，10天后向轨迹分析表明，冬季有大量的大气污染物从乌拉尔工业区和诺里尔斯克地区输送到季克西。

项目成果

Tatsuya FUKASAWA, Sachio OHTA, Naoto MURAO, Sadamu YAMAGATA and Vladimir N. MAKAROV: "AEROSOL OBSERVATIONS IN THE SIBERIAN ARCTIC" Proceedings of the NIPR Symposium on Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. No.11. 150-160 (1997)

Tatsuya FUKASAWA、Sachio OHTA、Naoto MURAO、Sadamu YAMAGATA 和 Vladimir N. MAKAROV：“西伯利亚北极的气溶胶观测”NIPR 极地气象学和冰川学研讨会论文集。

岩坂泰信編、(太田幸雄分担執筆): "北極圏の大気科学"名古屋大学出版会. 229 (2000)

岩坂康信主编（太田幸男合着）：《北极的大气科学》名古屋大学出版社229（2000）。

岩坂泰信編(太田幸雄分担執筆): "北極圏の大気科学"名古屋大学出版会. 229 (2000)

岩坂康信主编（太田幸男合着）：《北极的大气科学》名古屋大学出版社229（2000）。

FUKUSAWA, T., OHTA, S., MURAO, N., YAMAGATA, S. and MAKAROV, V. N.: "Aerosol observation in the Siberian Arctic."Proceeding of the NIPR Symposium on Polar Meteorology and Glaciology. No.11, November. 150-160 (1997)

FUKUSAWA, T.、OHTA, S.、MURAO, N.、YAMAGATA, S. 和 MAKAROV, V. N.：“西伯利亚北极的气溶胶观测”。NIPR 极地气象学和冰川学研讨会论文集。