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A multi-disciplinary approach to the study on the medieval and modern graves in the Kinki Region

近畿地区中世纪和现代坟墓研究的多学科方法

基本信息

批准号：
09301018
负责人：
SHIRAISHI Taichiro
金额：
$ 16.19万
依托单位：
NATIONAL MUSEUM OF JAPANESE HISTORY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of our survey was to assess and record the present state of the common communal burial grounds called "Go-Graveyards" which exist at large in the Nara Basin. We have completed survey maps of the tombstones existing in the Hiraoka Gokurakuji Graveyard in Shinjo Town and the Nakayama Nenbutsuji Graveyard in Tenri City, both in Nara Prefecture, which maintain their relatively original appearance. We have also made a full record of the form, size, type of the tombstones as well as the inscriptions on them.At the Nakayama Nenbutsuji Graveyard, the number of tombstones existing was so significant that we could not complete the work with our initial budgetary capacity.Fortunately, however, the Grant-in-Aid of the Mitsubishi Foundation has enabled us to continue our research to the end.As of today, the Hiraoka Gokurakuji Graveyard serves still as the common graveyard for 11 villages. The total number of the tombstones existing amounts to 2059. Among the tombs whose age has been con … More firmed, there are 18 tombs which date back to the 16th century ; 73 to the 17th, 125 to the 18th, 102 to the 19th, and 747 to the 20th century, respectively. The number of the tombstones increase remarkably toward modern times. However, among the tombstones whose age has not been confirmed, there are 230 tombstones which are assumed to be of the 15th to 16th century, or even much earlier. It is clear that the origin of the graveyards may well date back to the medieval age. In the 16th century, all the tombstones were dedicated to individuals ; whereas in the 17th century, the number of tombstones dedicated to conjugal pairs increased. In the latter half of 18th century, the tombs dedicated to ancestors at large appeared ; and, lastly, during the Taisho Era (1910's), family graves became the main trend.Likewise, the Nakayama Nenbutsuji Graveyard comprising tombs of 8 villages is also still in use today. The total number of tombstones there amounts to 9406. Among the tombstones whose age has been confirmed, 2 tombstones originate in the 15th century, 40 in 16th, 1225 in 17th, 2344 in 18th, 1163 in 19th, and 1674 in 20th. Most of them date back to the beginning or the mid 18th century. Among the tombstones whose age has not been confirmed, many tombstones are assumed to originate in the 15th to 16th century or earlier. Here, too, the origin of the tombstones may surely date back to the medieval age.At both graveyards, we studied the evolution of the tombstones in terms of style and material, the mode of utilization of the graveyard by each of the villages concerned, their burial customs, and their relationship to the temples. Thus, we have obtained significant data for the study on the origin and the evolution of the communal graveyard called "Go-Graves" in the Nara Basin. Less

我们调查的目的是评估和记录奈良盆地普遍存在的被称为“去墓地”的公共墓地的现状。我们完成了奈良县新庄镇平冈极乐寺墓地和天理市中山念佛寺墓地现存墓碑的调查地图，它们保持了相对原始的外观。我们还对墓碑的形状、大小、类型以及上面的铭文进行了完整的记录。在中山念佛寺墓地，墓碑的数量非常多，我们最初的预算无法完成这项工作。但幸运的是，三菱基金会的资助使我们能够将研究进行到底。截至今天，平冈极乐寺墓地仍然是11个村庄的共同墓地。现存墓碑总数为2059座。在那些年代已被证实的坟墓中， ...更多信息经确认，16世纪的墓葬有18座，17世纪的有73座，18世纪的有125座，19世纪的有102座，20世纪的有747座。墓碑的数量显着增加到现代。然而，在年代尚未确定的墓碑中，有230块墓碑被认为是15至16世纪，甚至更早。显然，墓地的起源可以追溯到中世纪。在16世纪，所有的墓碑都是献给个人的;而在17世纪，献给夫妻的墓碑数量增加了。世纪后半叶，出现了祭祀祖先的大墓，最后，大正时代（1910年代），家族墓成为主流。同样，中山念佛寺墓地包括8个村庄的坟墓，至今仍在使用。这里的墓碑总数达到9406座。在已确认年代的墓碑中，15世纪有2座，16世纪有40座，17世纪有1225座，18世纪有2344座，19世纪有1163座，20世纪有1674座。其中大部分可以追溯到世纪初或中期。在年代尚未得到确认的墓碑中，许多墓碑被推测起源于15至16世纪或更早。在这两个墓地，我们研究了墓碑在风格和材料方面的演变，那些村庄对墓地的利用方式，他们的埋葬习俗，以及他们与寺庙的关系。从而为研究奈良盆地的“Go-Graves”公共墓地的起源和演变提供了重要的资料。少