The theater of Apollonia (Albania) - its urban context and cultural-historic relevance

阿波罗尼亚剧院（阿尔巴尼亚） - 其城市背景和文化历史相关性

• 批准号: 97195361
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Henner von Hesberg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/97195361?language=en
• 关键词: theater; Apollonia; Albania; its; urban

The investigations in the theater of Apollonia over the past 6 years have cleared up crucial points on its form and its various phases. This includes both the documentation of over a thousand architectural pieces found in the earlier Albanian excavations and in the later ones of the Albanian-German team. In this way the overall structure of the system and its integration into the urban context have been clarified.Three phases can be distinguished. The building was established in the middle third of the third Century. B.C. In imperial times the orchestra was converted into an arena and therefore the bottom steps of the auditorium were taken up. In another phase the Hellenistic Proskenion was laid down and thus the playing ground was further expanded. This was connected with far-reaching changes in the stage-building and in additions to the playing surface. Because the orchestra has been completely uncovered, these processes can be dated more accurately than ever before at other theaters.The whole orchestra has now been excavated with indications for a lot of the temporary constructions such as basements, tunnels, fences etc. This gives a better insight into the nature of the games. Considering the details of the many architectural pieces, and their positions on the slope, the Hellenistic construction of the whole theater can clearly be seen. With its Doric portico and the unusually rich figural decoration of the metopes, the stage clearly differs from the disposition of other theaters of the same time. It was also possible to reconstruct the koilon clearly with Prohedrie, rows of seats and distribution by series of steps separated into 12 kerkides. The upper end of the koilon shows that the extension is far greater than previously thought and is similar to that of the theatres in Epidauros or Dodona. At the upper end it is clear that for the construction of the theater, earlier residential structures were destroyed. The date of this still has to be determined.The fieldwork is for the most part finished, but a precise stratigraphy is necessary to determine the different phases and sequences in the internals. In addition, the large amounts of ceramics unearthed during the excavation of the Orchestra have yet to be analysed. Work on these two points will provide vital insights for the dating of the various phases.Finally, smaller individual excavations should clarify the following issues: the chronological sequences in the orchestra and the stage house area by evaluating the ancient complexes in the Orchestra, the length of the wall behind the stage house Hall, the location of a Diazoma in the koilon, the upper end of the auditorium and the dating of the rear space after demolition of houses. In that way, the two planned volumes - Excavation and Architecture -, will be completed for publication.

在过去的6年中，阿波罗尼亚剧院的调查清除了其形式和各个阶段的关键点。这既包括在阿尔巴尼亚较早的发掘中发现的一千多个建筑作品的文档，也包括在阿尔巴尼亚 - 德国人团队的后期作品中。通过这种方式，已经阐明了系统的整体结构及其在城市环境中的整合。可以区分三个阶段。该建筑于三世纪中部建立。公元前在帝国时期，乐团被改建为一个舞台，因此占据了礼堂的底部台阶。在另一个阶段，希腊化的proskenion被放置了，因此进一步扩大了比赛地面。这与舞台建造的深远变化以及比赛表面相连。由于乐团已经完全揭露，因此这些过程可以比其他剧院更准确地进行过时。现在，整个乐团都充满了许多临时建筑的指示，例如地下室，隧道，围栏等。这可以更好地了解游戏性质。考虑到许多建筑作品的细节及其在斜坡上的位置，可以清楚地看到整个剧院的希腊化结构。凭借其Doric Portico和Metopes的异常丰富的人物装饰，该阶段显然与同时其他剧院的处置不同。也可以用Prohedrie清楚地重建Koilon，座位排和分布分配成12个Kerkides。 Koilon的上端表明，扩展比以前想到的要大得多，并且与Epidauros或Dodona的剧院相似。在高端，很明显，对于剧院的建设，早期的住宅结构被摧毁了。仍然必须确定此日期。在大多数情况下，现场工作是完成的，但是确切的地层对于确定内部阶段的不同阶段和序列是必要的。此外，在乐团发掘期间发掘出的大量陶瓷尚未分析。这两个点上的工作将为各个阶段的日期提供重要的见解。在最后，较小的个人发掘应阐明以下问题：乐团中的时间顺序序列和舞台房屋区域，通过评估管弦乐队中的古老建筑群，墙壁后面的墙壁长度，舞台房屋后面的墙壁，库诺（Koileon）的位置，在koilon的范围内，在koielon的位置，在仪式的高端和仪式的仪式中，仪式的仪式是仪式的上限。这样，将完成两个计划的卷（开挖和建筑）出版。