The theater of Apollonia (Albania) - its urban context and cultural-historic relevance

在过去的六年里，对阿波罗尼亚剧院的调查已经澄清了它的形式和各个阶段的关键点。这包括在阿尔巴尼亚早期发掘中发现的一千多件建筑作品的文件，以及阿尔巴尼亚-德国团队后来发掘的作品。通过这种方式，系统的整体结构及其与城市文脉的融合得到了澄清。可以区分三个阶段。这座建筑建于公元三世纪中叶。公元前5世纪在帝国时代，管弦乐队被改造成一个竞技场，因此礼堂的底部台阶被占用。在另一个阶段，希腊化的Proskenion被制定，因此游戏场地进一步扩大。这与舞台建筑的深远变化和游戏场面的增加有关。因为管弦乐队已经完全暴露，这些过程可以比以往任何时候都更准确地追溯到其他剧院。整个管弦乐队现在已经被挖掘，并指出了许多临时建筑，如地下室，隧道，围栏等。这让我们能够更好地了解游戏的本质。考虑到许多建筑作品的细节，以及它们在斜坡上的位置，整个剧院的希腊化建筑可以清楚地看到。这个舞台的多利安式门廊和墙面上异常丰富的人物装饰，明显不同于同时期其他剧院的布置。也可以用Prohedrie清晰地重建koilon，一排排的座位和由一系列的台阶分成12个kerkides的分布。koilon的上端表明，扩建的规模远远大于之前的想象，与埃皮达罗斯或多纳的剧院相似。在上端，很明显，为了建造剧院，早期的住宅结构被摧毁了。具体日期还有待确定。野外工作大部分已完成，但需要精确的地层学来确定内部的不同相和层序。此外，在乐团发掘过程中出土的大量陶瓷还有待分析。对这两点的研究将为确定不同阶段的年代提供重要的见解。最后，较小的个别挖掘应该澄清以下问题：乐团和舞台区域的时间顺序，通过评估乐团中的古代建筑群，舞台大厅后面的墙的长度，koilon中Diazoma的位置，礼堂的上端以及房屋拆除后后方空间的年代。这样，计划出版的两卷——《挖掘》和《建筑》将完成出版。

The investigations in the theater of Apollonia over the past 6 years have cleared up crucial points on its form and its various phases. This includes both the documentation of over a thousand architectural pieces found in the earlier Albanian excavations and in the later ones of the Albanian-German team. In this way the overall structure of the system and its integration into the urban context have been clarified.Three phases can be distinguished. The building was established in the middle third of the third Century. B.C. In imperial times the orchestra was converted into an arena and therefore the bottom steps of the auditorium were taken up. In another phase the Hellenistic Proskenion was laid down and thus the playing ground was further expanded. This was connected with far-reaching changes in the stage-building and in additions to the playing surface. Because the orchestra has been completely uncovered, these processes can be dated more accurately than ever before at other theaters.The whole orchestra has now been excavated with indications for a lot of the temporary constructions such as basements, tunnels, fences etc. This gives a better insight into the nature of the games. Considering the details of the many architectural pieces, and their positions on the slope, the Hellenistic construction of the whole theater can clearly be seen. With its Doric portico and the unusually rich figural decoration of the metopes, the stage clearly differs from the disposition of other theaters of the same time. It was also possible to reconstruct the koilon clearly with Prohedrie, rows of seats and distribution by series of steps separated into 12 kerkides. The upper end of the koilon shows that the extension is far greater than previously thought and is similar to that of the theatres in Epidauros or Dodona. At the upper end it is clear that for the construction of the theater, earlier residential structures were destroyed. The date of this still has to be determined.The fieldwork is for the most part finished, but a precise stratigraphy is necessary to determine the different phases and sequences in the internals. In addition, the large amounts of ceramics unearthed during the excavation of the Orchestra have yet to be analysed. Work on these two points will provide vital insights for the dating of the various phases.Finally, smaller individual excavations should clarify the following issues: the chronological sequences in the orchestra and the stage house area by evaluating the ancient complexes in the Orchestra, the length of the wall behind the stage house Hall, the location of a Diazoma in the koilon, the upper end of the auditorium and the dating of the rear space after demolition of houses. In that way, the two planned volumes - Excavation and Architecture -, will be completed for publication.