The theater of Apollonia (Albania) - its urban context and cultural-historic relevance

阿波罗尼亚剧院（阿尔巴尼亚） - 其城市背景和文化历史相关性

• 批准号: 97195361
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Henner von Hesberg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/97195361?language=en
• 关键词: theater; Apollonia; Albania; its; urban

The investigations in the theater of Apollonia over the past 6 years have cleared up crucial points on its form and its various phases. This includes both the documentation of over a thousand architectural pieces found in the earlier Albanian excavations and in the later ones of the Albanian-German team. In this way the overall structure of the system and its integration into the urban context have been clarified.Three phases can be distinguished. The building was established in the middle third of the third Century. B.C. In imperial times the orchestra was converted into an arena and therefore the bottom steps of the auditorium were taken up. In another phase the Hellenistic Proskenion was laid down and thus the playing ground was further expanded. This was connected with far-reaching changes in the stage-building and in additions to the playing surface. Because the orchestra has been completely uncovered, these processes can be dated more accurately than ever before at other theaters.The whole orchestra has now been excavated with indications for a lot of the temporary constructions such as basements, tunnels, fences etc. This gives a better insight into the nature of the games. Considering the details of the many architectural pieces, and their positions on the slope, the Hellenistic construction of the whole theater can clearly be seen. With its Doric portico and the unusually rich figural decoration of the metopes, the stage clearly differs from the disposition of other theaters of the same time. It was also possible to reconstruct the koilon clearly with Prohedrie, rows of seats and distribution by series of steps separated into 12 kerkides. The upper end of the koilon shows that the extension is far greater than previously thought and is similar to that of the theatres in Epidauros or Dodona. At the upper end it is clear that for the construction of the theater, earlier residential structures were destroyed. The date of this still has to be determined.The fieldwork is for the most part finished, but a precise stratigraphy is necessary to determine the different phases and sequences in the internals. In addition, the large amounts of ceramics unearthed during the excavation of the Orchestra have yet to be analysed. Work on these two points will provide vital insights for the dating of the various phases.Finally, smaller individual excavations should clarify the following issues: the chronological sequences in the orchestra and the stage house area by evaluating the ancient complexes in the Orchestra, the length of the wall behind the stage house Hall, the location of a Diazoma in the koilon, the upper end of the auditorium and the dating of the rear space after demolition of houses. In that way, the two planned volumes - Excavation and Architecture -, will be completed for publication.

过去六年对阿波罗尼亚剧院的调查已经弄清楚了其形式和各个阶段的关键点。其中包括在阿尔巴尼亚早期发掘和阿尔巴尼亚-德国团队后期发掘中发现的一千多件建筑作品的记录。这样，系统的整体结构及其与城市环境的整合就已经明确。可以区分三个阶段。该建筑建于三世纪中叶。公元前在帝国时代，管弦乐队被改造成一个竞技场，因此礼堂的底部台阶被占据。在另一个阶段，希腊化的 Proskenion 被奠定，因此比赛场地进一步扩大。这与舞台搭建和比赛场地的影响深远的变化有关。由于管弦乐队已被完全暴露，因此可以比其他剧院更准确地确定这些过程的日期。整个管弦乐队现在已被挖掘出来，并带有许多临时建筑的迹象，例如地下室、隧道、栅栏等。这可以更好地了解比赛的本质。考虑到许多建筑作品的细节以及它们在斜坡上的位置，可以清楚地看到整个剧院的希腊化建筑。多立克式门廊和墙面上异常丰富的人物装饰，舞台的布局与同时代的其他剧院明显不同。还可以通过 Prohedrie 清晰地重建 koilon、一排座位和一系列分为 12 个 kerkides 的台阶分布。科伊隆的上端表明，其延伸范围比之前想象的要大得多，与埃皮达鲁斯或多多纳的剧院相似。在上端，很明显，为了建造剧院，早期的住宅建筑被摧毁了。其日期仍有待确定。野外工作已大部分完成，但需要精确的地层学来确定内部的不同阶段和序列。此外，乐团发掘过程中出土的大量陶瓷还有待分析。对这两点的研究将为各个阶段的年代测定提供重要的见解。最后，较小的个体发掘应澄清以下问题：通过评估管弦乐队和舞台大厅区域的年代顺序，舞台大厅后面的墙的长度，Koilon中迪亚佐马的位置，礼堂的上端以及房屋拆除后后方空间的年代。这样，计划中的两卷书——《挖掘》和《建筑》——将完成出版。