The theater of Apollonia (Albania) - its urban context and cultural-historic relevance

在过去的6年里，对阿波洛尼亚剧场的调查已经澄清了它的形式和各个阶段的关键问题。这既包括在阿尔巴尼亚早期发掘中发现的1000多件建筑作品的文件，也包括在阿尔巴尼亚-德国团队后来的挖掘中发现的1000多件建筑作品的文件。通过这种方式，该系统的总体结构及其与城市背景的融合得到了澄清，可以分为三个阶段。这座建筑建于公元三世纪中叶。在帝国时期，管弦乐队被改造成竞技场，因此礼堂的底层台阶被占用。在另一个阶段，铺设了希腊化的Proskenion，从而进一步扩大了运动场。这与舞台建造和比赛场地上的其他方面的深远变化有关。由于交响乐团已经完全被发现，这些过程可以比以往任何时候都更准确地在其他剧院进行测定。整个交响乐团现在已经被挖掘出来，有很多临时建筑的迹象，如地下室、隧道、栅栏等。这让人们更好地了解了奥运会的性质。考虑到许多建筑作品的细节，以及它们在斜坡上的位置，整个剧院的希腊化建筑可以清楚地看到。由于它的多利克门廊和梅托普斯异常丰富的人物装饰，这个舞台显然不同于同一时期其他剧院的布置。还可以清楚地重建空肠，将Prohedrie、一排排座位和按一系列台阶分隔成12个骨囊。凯隆剧院的上端显示，延伸部分远远大于之前的想象，与Epidauros或Dodona的剧院相似。在最高端，很明显，为了建造剧院，早期的住宅建筑被摧毁了。这一发现的日期仍有待确定。野外工作大部分已经完成，但需要精确的地层学来确定内部的不同阶段和层序。此外，乐团发掘期间出土的大量陶器仍有待分析。对这两点的研究将为不同阶段的年代确定提供至关重要的见解。最后，较小的个人发掘应该澄清以下问题：通过评估乐团中的古代建筑群来确定管弦乐队和舞台房屋区域的时间顺序，舞台大厅后面的墙的长度，凯隆广场的重水岭的位置，礼堂的上端，以及房屋拆除后后方空间的年代。这样，两本计划中的卷--挖掘和建筑--将完成出版。

The investigations in the theater of Apollonia over the past 6 years have cleared up crucial points on its form and its various phases. This includes both the documentation of over a thousand architectural pieces found in the earlier Albanian excavations and in the later ones of the Albanian-German team. In this way the overall structure of the system and its integration into the urban context have been clarified.Three phases can be distinguished. The building was established in the middle third of the third Century. B.C. In imperial times the orchestra was converted into an arena and therefore the bottom steps of the auditorium were taken up. In another phase the Hellenistic Proskenion was laid down and thus the playing ground was further expanded. This was connected with far-reaching changes in the stage-building and in additions to the playing surface. Because the orchestra has been completely uncovered, these processes can be dated more accurately than ever before at other theaters.The whole orchestra has now been excavated with indications for a lot of the temporary constructions such as basements, tunnels, fences etc. This gives a better insight into the nature of the games. Considering the details of the many architectural pieces, and their positions on the slope, the Hellenistic construction of the whole theater can clearly be seen. With its Doric portico and the unusually rich figural decoration of the metopes, the stage clearly differs from the disposition of other theaters of the same time. It was also possible to reconstruct the koilon clearly with Prohedrie, rows of seats and distribution by series of steps separated into 12 kerkides. The upper end of the koilon shows that the extension is far greater than previously thought and is similar to that of the theatres in Epidauros or Dodona. At the upper end it is clear that for the construction of the theater, earlier residential structures were destroyed. The date of this still has to be determined.The fieldwork is for the most part finished, but a precise stratigraphy is necessary to determine the different phases and sequences in the internals. In addition, the large amounts of ceramics unearthed during the excavation of the Orchestra have yet to be analysed. Work on these two points will provide vital insights for the dating of the various phases.Finally, smaller individual excavations should clarify the following issues: the chronological sequences in the orchestra and the stage house area by evaluating the ancient complexes in the Orchestra, the length of the wall behind the stage house Hall, the location of a Diazoma in the koilon, the upper end of the auditorium and the dating of the rear space after demolition of houses. In that way, the two planned volumes - Excavation and Architecture -, will be completed for publication.