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A Comparative Study of Recycling Societies : The Possibility of International Cooperation

回收社会的比较研究:国际合作的可能性

基本信息

批准号：
09041055
负责人：
KISHINO Hirohisa
金额：
$ 14.85万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09041055/
关键词：
recycling societies recycling behavior consumption behavior supply and demand of used paper production strategy international comparison waste management 循環度日独比較エネルギー

项目摘要

Our project originated from recognition that truly sustainable recycling cannot be achieved in a matured society unless we look into the whole system. We decided to pick up paper recycling as a research subject, with expectation that difficulty in efficient realization of recycling system is most clearly detected in paper recycling. This is particularly because paper recycling has been a nearly closed system in Japan. Although there are various recycled paper products, we focused on toilet paper because of the following three reasons : 1) almost all households use toilet paper daily, 2) both virgin and recycled products are available in the market, and 3) consumers have a freedom of choice among products.Paper passes through many hands, including those of consumers, collectors, used paper dealers, paper makers, newspaper offices, publishers, and wholesalers and retailers. Our three year project consisted of 1. interviews with the key actors in Japan, Germany, Sweden and the United Stat … More es, 2. nationwide questionnaire on recycling and toile paper consumption of the households in Japan, Germany and Sweden, 3. blind test examining consumers' preference on toilet paper, 4. mail survey of paper makers in Japan to study their production strategy and to compare it with consumers' consumption criteria, 5. mail survey of collectors and used paper dealers in Tokyo to analyze the opinion on group collection and subsidy, 6. close check of the trade papers of paper industries to study the socio-economic change during the research project.Our main findings through the comparative analyses, are that consumption behavior is a crucial driving force of the recycling system, and that there is positive feedback between consumption behavior and production strategy. On the other hand, no significant linkage was detected between recycling behavior and consumption behavior. Collectors and used paper dealers are independent small actors in Japan, while they are unified as large waste dealers in the United States and European countries. This should be taken into account for efficient recycling system without socio-economically serious friction. The findings such as above were published as succeeding papers in Resources, Conservation and Recycling. Less

我们的项目源于这样的认识：除非我们研究整个系统，否则在成熟的社会中无法实现真正的可持续回收。我们决定将纸张回收作为研究课题，期望在纸张回收中最清楚地发现回收系统高效实现的困难。这尤其是因为纸张回收在日本一直是一个近乎封闭的系统。尽管再生纸产品种类繁多，但我们专注于卫生纸是因为以下三个原因：1）几乎所有家庭每天都使用卫生纸，2）市场上有原生和再生产品，3）消费者可以自由选择产品。纸张经过许多人之手，包括消费者、收藏家、废纸经销商、造纸商、报社、出版商、批发商和零售商。我们为期三年的项目包括 1. 采访日本、德国、瑞典和美国的主要参与者，2. 关于日本、德国和瑞典家庭回收和卫生纸消费的全国性调查问卷，3. 盲测，检查消费者对卫生纸的偏好，4. 对日本造纸商进行邮寄调查，研究他们的生产策略并将其与消费者的消费标准进行比较，5. 邮寄调查 6. 仔细检查造纸行业的贸易票据，以研究研究项目期间的社会经济变化。通过比较分析，我们的主要发现是，消费行为是回收系统的关键驱动力，消费行为与生产策略之间存在正反馈。另一方面，回收行为和消费行为之间没有发现显着的联系。在日本，收集者和废纸经销商是独立的小参与者，而在美国和欧洲国家，他们统一为大型废品经销商。为了建立高效的回收系统，避免造成严重的社会经济摩擦，应考虑到这一点。上述研究结果作为后续论文发表在《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》杂志上。较少的