Study on Recent Floods and Droughts in Southeast Asia and the Pacific

东南亚和太平洋地区近期洪涝和干旱研究

基本信息

批准号：
10044342
负责人：
TAKEUCHI Kuniyoshi
金额：
--
依托单位：
Yamanashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research.
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10044342/
关键词：
Southeast Asia and the Pacific ENSO Flood Drought Unusual Weather Measure for Disaster AP-FRIEND IHP

项目摘要

The floods and droughts in the 1990's in Southeast Asia and the Pacific were investigated and analyzed towards the practicable disaster prevention management in the region. The study was conducted in collaboration with many researchers in Southeast Asian and the Pacific countries through the Asian Pacific FRIEND (Flow Regimes from International Experimental and Network Data) of UNESCO IHP (International Hydrological Program). The following are the list of selected investigation outcomes. The details are in this report as well as in the Proceedings of Asian Pacific FRIEND and GAME Joint Workshop on ENSO, Floods and Droughts in the 1990's in Southeast Asia and the Pacific in the 1990's held in Hanoi, on 23-25 March 1999 (IHP Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and the Pacific and Vietnamese IHP National Committee (eds)).Floods in the 1990's occurred not only in the flood prone warm humid regions but also elsewhere like US, Canada, Europe, Korean Peninsula and even arid and sem … More i-arid regions such as Tunisia, Iran, Egypt and Yemen. The frequency of floods and droughts seems increasing in the recent decades.The El-Nino of 199 1-94 and 97-98 gave great impacts on hydrology and water resources, mainly as severe droughts, to Southeast Asia and the Pacific, especially in the areas of the lower latitudes between 20N and 20S.The impact of 97 EI-Nino was among others especially devastating.The El-Nino influences different regions in different way. In Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Australia and New Zealand, it brings direct impacts on precipitation and river runoff. On the other hand, it is indirect in China, R.Korea, DPR Korea and Japan. As a result, there is a strong interest in countries of the former group seeking for the possibility of predicting rainfall and river discharge from SOI's and SST's.The main factors affecting the 1998 Great China floods may be such as concentrated heavy rainfalls, reduced basin retardation capacity such as in Lake Dong Ting and due to deforestation, extension of continuous levee system, decrease of dike breakage sites and decrease of channel capacity due to sedimentation and human dwelling.The 1997 Indonesian forest fires and consequences were not only due to very severe droughts but also due to various human factors.Death tolls by disasters are proportional to the poverty of the national economy. Poor countries are more tragic to disasters than the rich. On the other hand, economic losses may not necessarily be reduced regardless of flood control investments. Less

调查并分析了1990年代东南亚和太平洋的地板和干旱，并分析了该地区实际灾难预防管理。这项研究是通过联合国教科文组织IHP（国际水文计划）的亚洲太平洋朋友（来自国际实验和网络数据的流动制度）与东南亚和太平洋国家的许多研究人员合作进行的。以下是选定的投资成果列表。该报告以及亚洲太平洋朋友和游戏联合研讨会在1990年代在东南亚和1990年3月23日在河内举行的太平洋的洪水和干旱的详细信息中都存在，1999年3月23日至25日在河内举行（IHP东南亚和太平洋和越南人的IHP国家委员会（IHP）洪水泛滥（IHP）。温暖的潮湿地区，以及其他地方，例如我们，加拿大，欧洲，朝鲜半岛，甚至干旱和SEM……更多的I-Arid地区，例如突尼斯，伊朗，埃及和也门。在最近几十年中，地板和干旱的频率似乎有所增加。1991-94和97-98的El-Nino对水文和水资源（主要是严重的干旱）对东南亚和太平洋产生了很大的影响，尤其是在20n和20的低纬度地区，尤其是97 Ei-Nino的影响。在越南，老挝，柬埔寨，泰国，缅甸，马来西亚，澳大利亚和新西兰，它会直接影响降水和河流径流。另一方面，它在中国，R.Korea，DPR韩国和日本是间接的。结果，人们对前者的国家有浓厚的兴趣，他们寻求预测SOI和SST的降雨和河流的可能性。影响1998年中国大地板的主要因素可能是集中降雨，从而降低了盆地迟缓能力，例如在dong湖中降低了盆地的降低能力，例如在dong湖的能力和延期延伸的延期，延长的延误，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延误，造成的延期，造成的延误，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延期，造成的延长，造成的延长，造成的降雨量住宅。1997年的印尼森林大火和后果不仅是由于非常严重的干旱，而且还归因于各种人为因素。灾难的死亡人数与国民经济的贫困成正比。穷国对灾难比富人更悲惨。另一方面，无论防洪投资如何，经济损失不一定会减少。较少的