Competiton and cooperation between Japanese and European Managemetl, Produetin Mbdels -Regional Integratiori and Activation of Industry in Europe -

我们的研究项目的初步结果如下。1999年8月底至9月中旬，三个小组：德国-匈牙利、法国-比荷卢和意大利-西班牙-葡萄牙在欧洲大陆的9个国家进行了实地研究。每个小组由六到七名成员组成，其中包括一到两名欧洲研究人员。我们参观的工厂和组织总共有50家：42家日本工厂（主要是电子、汽车相关和机械行业），4家欧洲或美国工厂，2家日本欧洲总部，1家地方政府。当地工会总部1家。在欧洲调研之后，我们开展了各种分析活动，如根据收集到的数据和信息整理所有参观工厂的“公司记录”，对典型的公司记录进行讨论，以便我们对不同行业和地区的几种类型有一些共同的形象，并修改我们的研究报告…更多的分析框架，“应用适应”或“混合”模式，以适应欧洲环境。上述分析活动的初步结果如下。1)在日本的工厂，日本的管理和生产系统被“应用”到比我们预期的更大的程度，而当地的制度方法也被灵活地“适应”了。2)在欧美工厂，虽然样品数量有限，但一些具有日本特色的方法已被积极地引入到他们传统的生产和管理体系中。因此，我们可以有把握地说，我们已经找到了欧洲大陆上日本公司和欧美公司相互竞争与合作的一些共同之处。4)同样值得注意的是，在欧洲大陆的不同地区或国家之间，以及与我们项目组已经澄清的北美和东亚地区相比，日本系统的“应用适应”情况会有很大差异。少

The tentative results of our research project are as follows.1. The field researches in nine countries of the continental Europe were carried out from the end of August to mid September, 1999, by three groups : Germany-Hungary, France-Benelux and Italy-Spain-Portugal. Each group was consisted of six to seven members including one or two European co-researchers. The number of plants and organizations we visited is all together fifty : 42 Japanese-based plants (mostly electronics, automobile-related, and machine industries), 4 European or American-based plants, 2 Japanese European HQs, 1 local government. and 1 local labor union HQs.2. After the European research we have been implementing various analytical activities such as organizing "company records" of all the plants visited based on the data and information collected, discussing on the typical company records in order for us to have some common images about a couple of types by industry and by region, and revising our research-anal … More ytical framework, "application-adaptation" or "hybrid" model to fit to European environment.3. The tentative results of the above analytical activities are as follows.1) At the Japanese-based plants the Japanese management and production systems have been "applied" to the greater extent than we had expected, while the local institutional methods have also been "adapted" to flexibly.2) At the European or American-based plants, though the number of samples is limited, some characteristic Japanese-style methods have positively been introduced onto their traditional production and management systems.3) Therefore, we can safely say that we have found out some common places where Japanese and Euro-American firms in the continental Europe are competing and cooperating each other from the both sides.4) It is also important to note that there would be significant differences in terms of "application-adaptation" situations of the Japanese systems among regions or countries within the continental Europe, and also compared with those in North America and East Asia which our project team has already clarified. Less