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A Comparative Study of international Transfer of Production Technology between Japanese and American Auto and Electronics Firms

日美汽车电子企业生产技术国际转移比较研究

基本信息

批准号：
08630037
负责人：
ABO Tetsuo
金额：
$ 1.09万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1997
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This is the result of two years comparative study of the international technology transfer by Japanese and American manufactureing firms. I carried out the above by using my own previous research on the American multinationals and the main results and data of our joint research group, the Japanese.Multinational Enterprise Study Group, which has been undertaking research on the transferability problems of Japanese style production systems at subsidiary. The main results are as followed.1) The transplants of Japanese manufacturing firms, while not very large, have spread by the early 1990s with surprising speed almost every nook and corner of the world. On the other hand, the American multinationals have been usually very large in their size and centered more into the developed regions.2) "Reluctance" in decision-making processes is one of the most important characteristics of Japanese multinationals due to the human-related competative advantage of Japanese-style flexible production technologies, an advantage deeply rooted in the Japanese sociocultural background, compared with the more "university" -oriented behavior of American firms based on the more industrial engineeringlead mass production technologies.3) This a little complicated relations could be well interpreted when we analyzed the flexible adaptability of the Japanese firms which have been very eager in applying the Japanese practices by sending large number of Japanese expatriates to the local plants.

这是对日本和美国跨国公司的国际技术转移进行两年比较研究的结果。在进行上述研究时，我使用了自己以前对美国跨国公司的研究，以及我们的共同研究小组“日本跨国企业研究小组”的主要结果和数据，该研究小组一直在研究日本式生产系统在子公司的可转移性问题。主要结果如下：1）日本制造业企业的移植虽然规模不大，但到90年代初，已经以惊人的速度扩散到世界的几乎每一个角落。另一方面，美国跨国公司的规模通常很大，而且更多地集中在发达地区。2）决策过程中的“不情愿”是日本跨国公司最重要的特征之一，这是由于日本式柔性生产技术的人力竞争优势，这种优势深深植根于日本的社会文化背景，相比之下，美国公司的行为更倾向于“大学”，它们的基础是更多的工业工程，而这些工程是大规模生产技术的先导。这一点比较复杂的关系，通过分析日本企业的灵活适应性，可以得到很好的解释。日本企业通过派遣大量的日本侨民，非常渴望采用日本的做法到当地的植物。