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A Comparative study of International Transfer of Technologies : Cases of Japanese and American Auto and Electronics Firms

国际技术转让比较研究:以日本和美国汽车和电子公司为例

基本信息

批准号：
04630023
负责人：
ABO Tetsuo
金额：
$ 1.22万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1992
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1992 至 1994
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The purpose of this research is to conduct a comparative study of international transfer of production technologies by Japanese and American automobile and electronics firms. The special findings of the previous research on this issue published by me are as follows :1) A significant change in the pattern of technology transfer to the US occurred between 1989 and 1993 : from the immediate effect-oriented and easy-going bringing-in of Japanese material and human ( "results" = "ready-made" ) to the application of long-term-oriented "logic" ( "methods" ) of the systems to the local conditions.2) The relative ratio of American managers, first-line supervisors. parts and materials has increased compared to the Japanese ones to a considerable extent in the Japanese transplants. Still these transplants show more flexible organizational management in terms of training, procurement, etc. This is a direction-albeit with a large lag-twoards more "desirable hybrid" as has already been created by the Japannese transplants in Taiwan/Korea where the Japanese ratio has been much lower even initially.3) The Japanese transplants are beginning to be rooted in the American industrial society and, partly supported by the recovery of American economy and endaka, are expanding their capacity and volume of production. Therefore, their present problem is how to coordinate the production volume with that of their parent plants in Japan, where the necessity of export is urgent due to the delayd economic recovery.4) American "coming back" : We confirmed through interviews with Japanese expatriates in Japanese transplants and with American managers in American firms that considerable introduction of Japanese elements to American plants is playing a significant role. Now American plants are more slimmed, with "lean" -type human resources and line lay-outs, process-oriented QC and maintenance, JIT-style procurement system, integrated and lead-time saving R&D,and so on.

本研究的目的是对日本和美国汽车和电子公司的国际生产技术转移进行比较研究。我之前发表的关于这一问题的研究的特别发现如下：1)1989 - 1993年间，对美技术转移的模式发生了重大变化：从以即时效果为导向、轻松引进日本的物资和人力（“结果”=“现成”）到以长期为导向的系统“逻辑”（“方法”）因地制宜的应用。2)美国管理者、一线主管的相对比例。在日本的移植中，零件和材料比日本的增加了相当大的程度。然而，这些移植在培训、采购等方面显示出更灵活的组织管理。这是一个方向——尽管有很大的落后——朝着更“理想的杂交”的方向发展，就像日本在台湾/韩国的移植所创造的那样，在那里，日本的比例甚至在一开始就低得多。3)日本移植物开始扎根于美国工业社会，在美国经济复苏和endaka的部分支持下，日本移植物正在扩大产能和产量。因此，目前的问题是，如何与因经济恢复迟缓而迫切需要出口的日本本土工厂协调产量。4)美国人的“回归”：通过对日本移植物工厂的日本侨民和美国公司的美国经理的采访，我们证实，向美国工厂大量引入日本元素正在发挥重要作用。现在美国的工厂更加瘦身，有“精益”式的人力资源和生产线布局，流程化的QC和维护，jit式的采购系统，一体化的和节省交货期的研发等等。