Effects of aquaculture on environments in Southeast Asia

东南亚水产养殖对环境的影响

• 批准号: 10041160
• 负责人: KUROKURA Hisashi
• 金额: $ 10.05万
• 依托单位: THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10041160/
• 关键词: aquaculture; coastal environment; mangrove; shrimp; Thailand; Andaman Sea; estuary; ウシエビ; 東南アジア

Major shrimp culture area in Thailand was shifting from Gulf of Thailand to coast of Andaman Sea. Sikao river (Trang, Thailand), one of the typical mangrove estuary at the coast of Andaman Sea, was selected as main research site. The water exchanging rate of the river, of which mouth was facing to the open sea, was high because of shortness of the river comparing to wide tidal difference. Rich fish assemblages were observed in stagnant places in the river. Several small shrimp ponds, which were diverted from palm or rubber plantation, were constructed along the river. The influence of shrimp culture industry on the coastal environment was negligible small. This limited influence by the shrimp culture industry was enabled by excellence of shrimp culture technology in Thailand, by which shrimp were produced intensively in small ponds using limited amount of water. Conclusively, the shrimp culture at the coast of Andaman Sea was more harmonized to natural environment when compared to old style shrimp culture performed at the coast of Gulf of Thailand. However, this system cannot be applied in other developing countries before education and financial support program for technology transfer. Construction of artificial channel for improvement of water exchanging rate aiming to increase the capacity of shrimp culture along river will deprive fishes in estuary of their habitat. From this viewing point, it is better to use intact mangrove river than construction of artificial channel and estimation of the capacity to accept shrimp culture at each river is most crucial.

泰国的主要对虾养殖区正在从泰国湾转移到安达曼海沿岸。选择安达曼海沿岸典型的红树林河口之一的Sikao河（泰国董里）作为主要研究地点。河口朝向外海的河流，由于河流短，而潮差大，水交换率高。丰富的鱼类聚集在河中的停滞的地方观察。沿着建造了几个小型虾池，这些虾池是从棕榈或橡胶种植园转移过来的。对虾养殖业对近岸海域环境的影响较小。虾养殖业的这种有限影响是由于泰国虾养殖技术的卓越而实现的，通过这种技术，虾在使用有限水量的小池塘中集中生产。总之，与泰国湾沿岸的老式对虾养殖相比，安达曼海沿岸的对虾养殖与自然环境更加协调。然而，这一制度不能适用于其他发展中国家之前，教育和财政支持计划的技术转让。为提高沿着对虾养殖能力而修建人工渠道以提高水体交换率，会使河口鱼类失去栖息地。从这个角度来看，利用完整的红树林河道比人工河道要好，估算每条河道的养虾能力是最关键的。