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Research on current status of shrimp culture industries and coastal environment in Thailand

泰国对虾养殖产业及海岸环境现状研究

基本信息

批准号：
15255017
负责人：
KUROKURA Hisashi
金额：
$ 26.29万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

It was proven by present research that disappearance of mangrove forest by large scale construction of shrimp culture pond alter the fish assemblage in surrounding coasts and deteriorate the aquatic resource conditions(Shinnaka et al.). Production of aquatic organisms in mangrove ecosystem is supported by the diversity of micro environments, which are composing mangrove forest, such as water canals, forest and forest gaps( Kon et al.) and aquatic organisms are distributed in mangrove ecosystem using various micro environment depending on their biological characters(Yokoo et al.). The primary production in the natural mangrove ecosystem is reach enough to allow sympatric existence of plural number of aquatic animals which share similar niche (Tongununui et al. 2005, 2006). Those results suggesting that we have to conserve the function of mangrove ecosystem which is producing various micro environments with its own alteration in the process of succession. This means that for sustainable survival of shrimp culture industry, it is desirable construction of middle and small scale shrimp culture facilities in the fringe of natural mangrove forests and operate the facilities using the natural clarification function of mangrove forests. In order to realize such shrimp culture systems which harmonized with function of natural mangrove ecosystem, understanding of shrimp culturist is indispensable. The social survey in the present study showed that small and middle scale shrimp culturists in Southern Thailand accepted shifts to lower environmental burden systems at their own initiative, even the shifts reduce the short term decrease in productivity, when they recognized that the shift would enable the stable production with low risk( Kasai et al.).

目前的研究证明，大规模建设养虾池造成的红树林消失，改变了周围海岸的鱼类群落，恶化了水生资源条件（Shinnaka等人）。红树林生态系统中水生生物的生产是由组成红树林的微环境多样性支持的，如水渠、森林和林隙（Kon et al.）水生生物根据其生物学特性利用各种微环境分布在红树林生态系统中（Yokoo等人）。天然红树林生态系统的初级生产力足以让多个水生动物同域生存，这些水生动物拥有相似的生态位（Tongununui等人，2005年，2006年）。这些结果表明，红树林生态系统在演替过程中产生了各种各样的微环境，并发生了自身的变化，必须保护其功能。因此，在天然红树林边缘建设中小型对虾养殖设施，利用红树林的天然净化功能进行对虾养殖，是对虾养殖业可持续发展的重要途径。要实现这种与自然红树林生态系统功能相协调的对虾养殖系统，养虾者的了解是必不可少的。本研究中的社会调查表明，泰国南部的中小规模养虾户主动接受向环境负担较低的系统转移，即使这种转移可以减少短期生产力的下降，当他们认识到这种转移可以实现低风险的稳定生产时（加塞等人）。