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Equity and Institutional Issues in Economies in Transition

转型期经济体的公平和制度问题

基本信息

批准号：
10044023
负责人：
HOSONO Akio
金额：
$ 7.74万
依托单位：
KOBE UNIVERSITY (2000)University of Tsukuba (1998-1999)
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 2000
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10044023/
关键词：
Market Transition economy Latin America East Asia Eastern Europe Smaller enterprises Comparative development Studies Structural reform A Mixed economy 移行経済分配参加輸出 FDI

项目摘要

This research project has been a natural continuation of research undertaken in two previous projects funded by the Ministry on Education. It draws on our understanding of the development experience of Asia and Latin America as well as of the evolving international environment that helps explain new policies in these regions. The extension of our analysis to Central Europe has filled an important gap of previous studies and represents an important contribution to the comparative analysis of economic development. Although the three regions have important differences, one of the major findings of the research is that many current policies can be explained as a response to the challenges of globalization. In the case of Latin America, the region has been in the process of adaptation and elaboration of "neo-liberal" policies which, though contributing to the modernization or their economies, has had negative effects on equity and other social indicators. East Asian countries have been less extreme in their tilt towards this kind on policies and the social effects have consequently smaller. Central European countries find themselves in this regard closer to the situation on Latin America. Another important finding of the research is the importance of the "initial conditions" that predate the period on transition. This helps explain the difference of performance between East Asian and Latin American countries, the latter being burdened by the important inequalities that have existed there. For Central European countries important initial conditions arise from their lack on managerial expertise and generally from the many economic and social aspects that are still defined by their socialist past. In addition to the major findings indicated, the research also gave attention to important issues such as the role of competitiveness, public and private governance, development of SMEs, financial reform, and the social security system.

这一研究项目是教育部资助的前两个项目研究的自然延续。它借鉴了我们对亚洲和拉丁美洲的发展经验以及不断变化的国际环境的理解，这有助于解释这些区域的新政策。我们的分析扩展到中欧，填补了以前研究的一个重要空白，对经济发展的比较分析作出了重要贡献。尽管这三个地区存在重要差异，但研究的一个主要发现是，可以将当前的许多政策解释为对全球化挑战的回应。就拉丁美洲而言，该区域一直在调整和制定“新自由主义”政策，这些政策虽然有助于现代化或其经济，但对公平和其他社会指标产生了负面影响。东亚国家在政策上不那么极端地倾向于这种政策，因此社会影响也较小。中欧国家发现自己在这方面更接近拉丁美洲的情况。这项研究的另一个重要发现是过渡期之前的“初始条件”的重要性。这有助于解释东亚国家和拉丁美洲国家之间的表现差异，后者受到那里存在的重大不平等的负担。对中欧国家来说，重要的初始条件是因为它们缺乏管理专门知识，而且通常是因为许多经济和社会方面仍然由其社会主义历史所界定。除了主要研究结果外，研究还关注了竞争力的作用、公共和私人治理、中小企业发展、金融改革和社会保障体系等重要问题。