Chromosomal characterization of Japano-Chinese plants

在1998-2000年这项为期三年的资助项目中，我们用分子细胞遗传学和分子系统学方法研究了日本和中国常见的几种植物的染色体保护和鉴定。中国在吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古资治曲、陕西、甘肃、新疆维吾尔族资治曲、四川等地考察和研究了植物生境，调查收集了苔藓、蕨类、菊科、莎草科、百合科、兰科、毛绒花科、丁香科、金缕梅科、松科、虎耳草科、蔷薇科、山茶科、唇形科、玄参科等科的部分种和属，进行了自己的研究。这些物种首先计算了它们的染色体数量，然后确定了它们的核型。此外，我们对这些植物进行了原位杂交(ISH)，包括荧光原位杂交(FISH)、基因组原位杂交(GISH)和DNA测序等。W…首次用5S rDNA原位杂交标记桦科3属木本植物的某些超小染色体已取得成功。这一方法有望用于分析通常具有超小染色体的木本植物种群。多色鱼在松科一些成员的改良中进展很快。菊花的研究进展最为显著。通过人工进行不同杂交组合的属间杂交，在组织培养条件下收获幼胚并回收，获得用于菊花杂交的杂种植株。菊花杂交染色体中的GISH为发现染色体片段的体细胞相互易位、显示和分离静止核和假单倍体染色体提供了新的现象。这些技术可能对进一步的染色体研究有用。Mosla，唇形科已经在分子系统学中被发现，并在日中种之间表现出非常有趣的种间关系。由于项目实施过程中采集的所有植物物种均已建立栽培品系并保存为实验室基地，因此将对它们进行深入的遗传调查，并澄清和证明它们在日本植物区系和中国中的系统合理性，从而成为重要的生物研究材料。较少

During the course of this three-year-grant-project form 1998-2000, we have studied on conservation and chromosomal characterization by molecular cytogenetics and molecular systematics in certain plant species common to Japan and China. We have visited and studied plant habitats in Jilin, Heilongjian, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Shaanxi, Gansu, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu and Sichuan Provinces, China and have investigated and collected certain species and genera in the families of bryophytes, pteridophytes, Asteraceae (Compositae), Cyperaceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Ranunclaceae, Butulaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Pinaceae, Saxifragaceae, Rosaceae, Theaceae, Labiatae, Scrphulariaceae and so on for own researches. Those species were firstly counted their chromosome numbers and were, then, determined their karyotypes. Furthermore, we characterized those plants by in situ hybridization (ISH) including fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), DNA sequencing, and so on. W … More e have successfully, very firstly marked by ISH using 5S rDNA certain super small chromosomes in woody species in three genera of the Betulaceae. This methodology may promise to analyze populations of woody plants which have commonly super small chromosomes. Multi-color FISH improvement in some members of the Pinaceae has been rapidly progressed. The most significant research progress has been made in Chrysanthemum sensu lato. Intergeneric hybridizations in various cross combinations were artificially made and immature embryos were harvested and rescued in tissue culture condition to obtain hybrid plants which were used for GISH.Thus, GISH in chrysanthemum hybrid chromosomes made it possible to discover new phenomena on somatic reciprocal translocations of chromosome segments, visualization and isolation of chromosomes in resting nuclei and arien chromosomes. These technologies may be useful for further investigations of chromosomes. Mosla, the Labiatae has been detected in molecular systematics and showed very interesting interspecific relationships among the Japano-Chinese species. Since all of the plant species collected during the project operation have been established cultivation lines and conserved for laboratory base, they would be investigated deeply, genetically and clarified and justified their systems in flora of Japan and China, and then, they would become important biological research materials. Less