The effect of sweet flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo use among young adults

项目总结 虽然吸烟人数在过去20年里有所下降，但抽雪茄的人数却在增加。抽雪茄 雪茄在年轻人中最普遍，雪茄占年轻人雪茄使用的大部分。关于 18-24岁的年轻人中有13%的人现在抽雪茄，而25岁的成年人中这一比例为3.2%。 雪茄使年轻人接触到类似或更高水平的尼古丁和许多相同的毒物和 像可燃香烟一样的致癌物质，使年轻人使用雪茄成为一个重要的公共健康问题 担忧。可用香料的快速增长在年轻人中普及了雪茄的使用。研究 这表明年轻人更喜欢加香料的雪茄而不是非加香料的雪茄，尤其是那些加了味的雪茄。 比如水果或其他糖果。然而，这些偏好背后的因素几乎没有受到关注。 行为理论概念化了甜味雪茄对非香料雪茄的选择，作为一种反映 具有更大的回报和相对的强化价值。令人惊讶的是，只有两项小型研究正式检查了 甜味烟草的主观奖励和强化效果都集中在电子烟上。数据 关于甜味调味品对可燃雪茄使用的影响是告知公众健康和 旨在减少年轻人使用雪茄的监管行动。 利用经过验证的人体实验室范例，这项拟议的研究将首次确定甜味- 加香料的雪茄比不加香料的雪茄(相对和绝对)更有价值和效果。 年轻人中的雪茄。我们预计年轻人会对甜食有更强烈的享乐反应。 加味与非调味雪茄(更大的主观回报价值)，增加了消费动机 甜味雪茄与非甜味雪茄(相对强化价值更大)，以及更多的 甜味雪茄与非香料雪茄(绝对强化价值)。这三个假设将得到检验。 对86名相对天真的年轻人(年龄在18-24岁)进行了三次单独的实验室访问 敬雪茄。这被定义为以前抽过雪茄，但没有抽过50支雪茄 雪茄产品(雪茄、小雪茄、雪茄)，且过去未消费过10种雪茄产品 30天。我们将研究这些滥用责任指数是否仍然显著，同时控制其他 可能是偏爱调味品的因素。这种方法将使我们能够为 甜味雪茄对年轻人主观、客观和行为结果的影响。 记录雪茄中甜味调味品的滥用责任将是提供基于证据的信息的基础 公共卫生努力，并支持基于香料的监管行动。这样的行动对于减少 年轻人成为长期吸食雪茄的人并随后发展为可燃物的可能性 烟草引起的疾病。

PROJECT SUMMARY While cigarette smoking has declined over the past two decades, cigar smoking has increased. Cigar smoking is most prevalent among young adults, with cigarillos accounting for the majority of young adult cigar use. About 13% of young adults 18-24 years old currently smoke cigarillos compared to 3.2% of adults > 25 years of age. Cigarillos expose young adults to comparable or higher levels of nicotine and many of the same toxicants and carcinogens as combustible cigarettes, making cigarillo use in young adults a significant public health concern. The rapid growth in available flavors has popularized cigarillo use among young adults. Research suggests that young adults prefer flavored to non-flavored tobacco cigarillos, especially those flavored to taste like fruit or other sweets. However, the factors that underlie such preferences have received little attention. Behavioral theories conceptualize the choice of sweet flavored cigarillos to non-flavored cigarillos as a reflection of greater rewarding and relative reinforcing value. Surprisingly, only two small studies have formally examined the subjective rewarding and reinforcing effects of sweet flavored tobacco, both focused on e-cigarettes. Data on the impact of sweet flavoring on combustible cigarillo use is critical to inform public health and regulatory actions aimed at reducing cigarillo use among young adults. Using validated human laboratory paradigms, the proposed study will be the first to determine if sweet- flavored cigarillos are more rewarding and reinforcing (relative and absolute) than non-flavored cigarillos among young adults. We anticipate that young adults will have a greater hedonic response to sweet flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (greater subjective rewarding value), increased motivation to consume sweet flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (greater relative reinforcing value), and greater consumption of sweet flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (absolute reinforcing value). These three hypotheses will be tested across three separate laboratory visits among 86 young adults (ages 18-24 years old) who are relatively naïve to cigarillos. This is defined as having previously smoked > 3 cigarillos, but not having smoked > 50 cigar products (cigarillos, little cigars, cigars) in their lifetime, and not having consumed > 10 cigar products in the past 30 days. We will examine whether these indices of abuse liability remain significant while controlling for other factors that may underlie the preference for flavoring. This approach will enable us to provide evidence for the impact of sweet flavored cigarillos on subjective, objective, and behavioral outcomes among young adults. Documenting the abuse liability of sweet flavoring in cigarillos will be fundamental to inform evidenced-based public health efforts and support flavor-based regulatory actions. Such actions are necessary to reduce the likelihood that young adults will become persistent cigarillo users and subsequently develop a combustible tobacco-attributable disease.