The effect of sweet flavoring on the rewarding and reinforcing value of cigarillo use among young adults

项目摘要 在过去的二十年里，吸烟人数有所下降，但吸烟人数却有所增加。抽雪茄 在年轻人中最为普遍，其中小雪茄占年轻人雪茄使用的大部分。关于 13%的18-24岁的年轻人目前吸烟，而25岁以上的成年人吸烟率为3.2%。 吸烟者使年轻人接触到相当或更高水平的尼古丁和许多相同的毒物， 可燃香烟等致癌物质，使得年轻人使用雪茄对公众健康产生重大影响 关心可供选择的口味的快速增长已经在年轻人中普及了小雪茄的使用。研究 表明年轻人更喜欢有香味的香烟，尤其是那些有香味的 比如水果或其他甜食。然而，这种偏好背后的因素却很少受到关注。 行为理论概念化的选择甜口味的雪茄无口味的雪茄作为一种反映 具有更大的回报和相对的强化价值。令人惊讶的是，只有两项小型研究正式检验了 甜味烟草的主观奖励和强化效果，都集中在电子烟上。数据 甜味剂对可燃雪茄使用的影响的研究对告知公众健康和 旨在减少年轻人吸食雪茄烟的管制行动。 使用经过验证的人体实验室范例，拟议中的研究将是第一次确定是否甜- 加了香料的雪茄比不加香料的雪茄更有价值，也更有强化作用（相对的和绝对的 年轻人中的小雪茄。我们预计年轻人对甜食会有更强烈的享乐反应 有香味的与无香味的雪茄相比（更大的主观奖励价值），消费动机增加 甜味与无香味的雪茄相比（更大的相对强化价值），以及更多的 甜味与无香味的雪茄烟（绝对增强值）。将对这三个假设进行检验 在86名相对幼稚的年轻成人（年龄18-24岁）中进行了三次独立的实验室访视 到雪茄。这定义为以前吸过> 3支雪茄，但未吸过> 50支雪茄 产品（小雪茄、小雪茄、雪茄），且过去未消费超过10种雪茄产品 30天.我们将研究这些滥用倾向指数是否仍然显著，同时控制其他 这些因素可能是调味剂偏好的基础。这一方法将使我们能够为 甜味雪茄对年轻人主观、客观和行为结果的影响 记录小雪茄中甜味剂的滥用责任将是循证的基础 公共卫生努力和支持基于口味的管制行动。这些行动对于减少 年轻人成为持续性雪茄使用者并随后发展为可燃性 烟草引起的疾病。

PROJECT SUMMARY While cigarette smoking has declined over the past two decades, cigar smoking has increased. Cigar smoking is most prevalent among young adults, with cigarillos accounting for the majority of young adult cigar use. About 13% of young adults 18-24 years old currently smoke cigarillos compared to 3.2% of adults > 25 years of age. Cigarillos expose young adults to comparable or higher levels of nicotine and many of the same toxicants and carcinogens as combustible cigarettes, making cigarillo use in young adults a significant public health concern. The rapid growth in available flavors has popularized cigarillo use among young adults. Research suggests that young adults prefer flavored to non-flavored tobacco cigarillos, especially those flavored to taste like fruit or other sweets. However, the factors that underlie such preferences have received little attention. Behavioral theories conceptualize the choice of sweet flavored cigarillos to non-flavored cigarillos as a reflection of greater rewarding and relative reinforcing value. Surprisingly, only two small studies have formally examined the subjective rewarding and reinforcing effects of sweet flavored tobacco, both focused on e-cigarettes. Data on the impact of sweet flavoring on combustible cigarillo use is critical to inform public health and regulatory actions aimed at reducing cigarillo use among young adults. Using validated human laboratory paradigms, the proposed study will be the first to determine if sweet- flavored cigarillos are more rewarding and reinforcing (relative and absolute) than non-flavored cigarillos among young adults. We anticipate that young adults will have a greater hedonic response to sweet flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (greater subjective rewarding value), increased motivation to consume sweet flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (greater relative reinforcing value), and greater consumption of sweet flavored versus non-flavored cigarillos (absolute reinforcing value). These three hypotheses will be tested across three separate laboratory visits among 86 young adults (ages 18-24 years old) who are relatively naïve to cigarillos. This is defined as having previously smoked > 3 cigarillos, but not having smoked > 50 cigar products (cigarillos, little cigars, cigars) in their lifetime, and not having consumed > 10 cigar products in the past 30 days. We will examine whether these indices of abuse liability remain significant while controlling for other factors that may underlie the preference for flavoring. This approach will enable us to provide evidence for the impact of sweet flavored cigarillos on subjective, objective, and behavioral outcomes among young adults. Documenting the abuse liability of sweet flavoring in cigarillos will be fundamental to inform evidenced-based public health efforts and support flavor-based regulatory actions. Such actions are necessary to reduce the likelihood that young adults will become persistent cigarillo users and subsequently develop a combustible tobacco-attributable disease.