From Biological to Social Processes: Interdisciplinary Training in Life Course Research

从生物过程到社会过程：生命历程研究的跨学科培训

• 批准号: 10155534
• 负责人: Allison E Aiello
• 金额: $ 44.7万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-21 至 2022-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10155534
• 关键词: Biological; Life Cycle Stages; Research; Social Processes; Training

Title: From Biological to Social Processes: Interdisciplinary Training in Life Course Research The poor overall health status of the US population in comparison with our high-income peers and the staggering gaps in key measures of health and well-being by socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity across the life course highlight the urgency at which we must address the factors and mechanisms that lead to poor health outcomes. At the same time, it has become ever more apparent that the scientific paradigms and research approaches of today have not effectively addressed the complex constellation of factors that fundamentally influence US health and well-being from birth through adulthood. For these reasons, the National Institutes of Health has called for novel integrative research, from cells to society, to better address the web of factors that cause persistent health inequalities and result in relatively poor overall levels of health in society. Nonetheless, there is a major gap in interdisciplinary training in US universities, partly because of disciplinary silos, lack of initiative, and historical distinctions on campuses. We propose an innovative training program that will produce highly trained interdisciplinary pre- and post-doctoral trainees entering from either the social sciences or biological/health sciences who will be able to conduct integrative work across these areas that will address some of the country's most pressing health problems. With training focused on gaining knowledge from a new area of study, enhancing interdisciplinary interactions and exchange, and integrative research production, we envision that these pioneering trainees will be more likely to develop into creative and flexible scientists whom are able to develop new research pathways and create the innovative unifying frameworks that arise from crossing disciplinary boundaries. To enhance training experiences, multidisciplinary exchange, and ultimately integration of biological/health and social approaches, we seek support for eight pre- doctoral trainees (four from the biological/health sciences and four from the social sciences annually) and two post-doctoral trainees (one from each of the social and biological/health sciences). With substantial guidance from the program directors and their cross-disciplinary mentors, trainees will develop individually tailored training tracks in either the social sciences or biological/health sciences, with the track tailored to prior disciplinary training and each trainee's research interests. Social science students and post-docs will develop a biological/health sciences gap training track in one of three areas: 1) genetics; 2) cardiovascular and metabolic; 3) immunology, infections, and microbiome), while biological/health science students and post-docs will develop a social science gap training track in one of three areas: 1) social inequality; 2) socio-spatial organization and processes; 3) age-period-cohort. With this program, we aim to create junior scientists who are able to conduct cutting edge integrative social and biological/health sciences research and who will be future leaders who will use these new approaches to improve human health and well-being in the US and beyond.

从生物学到社会过程：生命历程研究中的跨学科培训 与我们的高收入同龄人相比，美国人口的整体健康状况较差， 按社会经济地位和种族/族裔分列的健康和福祉关键衡量标准的巨大差距 生命历程突出了我们必须解决导致贫困的因素和机制的紧迫性， 健康成果。与此同时，越来越明显的是， 今天的研究方法还没有有效地解决复杂的因素组合， 从根本上影响美国从出生到成年的健康和福祉。由于这些原因， 美国国立卫生研究院呼吁进行从细胞到社会的新的综合研究，以更好地解决 造成持续健康不平等和总体健康水平相对较差的各种因素 在社会上尽管如此，美国大学在跨学科培训方面存在重大差距，部分原因是 学科孤岛，缺乏主动性，以及校园里的历史差异。我们提出了一种创新的培训方式， 该计划将产生训练有素的跨学科的博士前和博士后学员进入 社会科学或生物/健康科学，他们将能够在这些领域进行综合工作， 这些地区将解决该国一些最紧迫的健康问题。训练的重点是 从一个新的研究领域的知识，加强跨学科的互动和交流， 研究生产，我们设想，这些开拓性的学员将更有可能发展成为创造性的， 灵活的科学家，能够开发新的研究途径并创造创新的统一 跨越学科界限的框架。为了加强培训经验， 交流，并最终整合生物/健康和社会方法，我们寻求支持八个预， 博士生（每年4名来自生物/健康科学，4名来自社会科学）和2名 博士后学员（社会科学和生物/健康科学各一名）。在实质性指导下 从项目主任和他们的跨学科导师，学员将发展个性化定制 在社会科学或生物/健康科学的培训轨道，与轨道适合以前 学科培训和每个学员的研究兴趣。社会科学专业的学生和博士后将开发一个 生物/健康科学差距培训跟踪三个领域之一：1）遗传学; 2）心血管和 代谢; 3）免疫学，感染和微生物组），而生物/健康科学的学生和博士后 将在三个领域之一开发社会科学差距培训轨道：1）社会不平等; 2）社会空间 组织与过程; 3）年龄-阶段-队列。通过这个项目，我们的目标是培养年轻的科学家， 能够进行尖端的综合社会和生物/健康科学研究，谁将是未来 领导人将使用这些新方法来改善美国及其他地区的人类健康和福祉。