Participatory Action Research to Inform a Social-Ecological Model of Gun-Related Attitudes, Behaviors, and Practices

7.项目摘要/摘要 与枪支有关的暴力和自杀造成的伤亡对两个不同的群体产生了不成比例的影响：(1) 非裔美国男孩和青年男子和(2)美国白人男子。当前预防枪伤的方法 他们接触高危人群的能力有限，这可能是由于文化上的脱节 预防枪伤战略和暴力和自杀风险最大的人群。架设桥梁 文化脱节需要对与枪支有关的社会生态因素有深刻的理解 态度、行为和实践。该项目的主要目的是利用参与性行动研究来 开发一个交叉的、以文化为基础的社会生态模型，描述潜在的风险因素 与枪支有关的态度、行为和做法，并确定具体方法的可接受性 预防。这个混合方法项目有两个具体目标。目标1是确定(A)获取枪支的方法 或购置、储存和携带；(B)获取、拥有、储存做法、使用和携带枪支的动机 携带；(C)对所有权、储存安全、使用和携带的态度；d)以枪支为重点的可接受性 预防战略，包括可能影响参与这些战略的因素；和(E) 新的预防策略。目标2是开发和验证一个交叉的社会生态模型，在这个模型中 个人、微观系统、宏观系统和文化因素预测与枪支有关的态度、行为和 练习。该项目包括两个阶段。在第一阶段，我们将进行混合方法研究 通过深入采访210名不同人群的成员，这些人面临城市枪支暴力或 自杀。在第二阶段，我们将通过以下方式对第一阶段开发的社会生态模型进行量化测试 调查(A)对1200名城乡青年进行当地抽样；(B)一名全国代表 2000名成年人的样本。该项目的预期成果是：(1)描述枪支的范围-- 与枪支相关伤害风险较高的人群的相关态度、行为和做法； 确定与枪支有关的一系列新的风险和保护性社会生态因素 行为；以及(3)一个经验证的、交叉的社会生态模型，解释与枪支有关的 将个人置于与枪支有关的伤害风险中的态度、行为和做法。建议的研究是 创新之处在于整合了暴力和自杀预防研究，并使用了混合的参与式方法 行动研究方法，弥合研究人员和最有可能受到故意伤害的人群之间的鸿沟 枪伤。这项工作的成果将通过创造一种具有文化基础的、社会的-- 可指导故意枪支相关伤害风险和保护因素研究的生态模型 这将为生态有效的公共卫生干预措施的发展提供信息。归根结底，最大化 预计与枪支有关的伤害公共卫生干预措施的覆盖范围将减少暴力和 自杀。该提案涉及目标一，属于NOFO RFA-CE-20-006的供资备选方案B。

7. Project Summary/Abstract Gun-related injuries and fatalities due to violence and suicide disproportionately impact two distinct groups: (1) African American boys and young men and (2) White American men. Current approaches to prevent gun injury are limited in their ability to reach those at highest risk, which may be due to the cultural disconnect between gun injury prevention strategies and the populations at greatest risk for violence and suicide. Bridging the cultural disconnect requires a deep understanding of social-ecological factors that underlie gun-related attitudes, behaviors, and practices. The primary aim of this project is to harness participatory action research to develop a cross-cutting, culturally grounded social-ecological model that describes factors underlying risky gun-related attitudes, behaviors, and practices, and to identify the acceptability of specific approaches to prevention. This mixed methods project has two specific aims. Aim 1 is to identify (a) methods of gun access or acquisition, storage, and carrying; (b) motivations for gun access, ownership, storage practices, use, and carrying; (c) attitudes about ownership, storage safety, use, and carrying; d) acceptability of gun-focused prevention strategies, including factors that might influence engagement in those strategies; and (e) ideas for novel prevention strategies. Aim 2 is to develop and validate a cross-cutting, social-ecological model in which individual, microsystemic, macrosystemic, and cultural factors predict gun-related attitudes, behaviors, and practices. This project consists of two phases. During Phase 1, we will conduct mixed methods research through in-depth interviews with 210 members of distinct populations at increased risk of urban gun violence or suicide. During Phase 2, we will quantitatively test the social-ecological model developed in Phase 1 by surveying (a) a local sample of 1200 youth in urban and rural contexts; and (b) a nationally representative sample of 2000 adults. The expected outcomes for this project are (1) a description of the scope of gun- related attitudes, behaviors, and practices among populations at greater risk for gun-related injury; (2) the identification of a range of novel risk and protective social-ecological factors associated with gun-related behaviors; and (3) an empirically validated, cross-cutting social-ecological model that explains gun-related attitudes, behaviors, and practices that place individuals at risk for gun-related injury. The proposed study is innovative in that integrates violence and suicide prevention research and uses a mixed methods participatory action research approach to bridge the divide between researchers and populations most at risk of intentional gun injuries. The results of this work will advance prevention science by creating a culturally grounded, social- ecological model that can guide research on risk and protective factors for intentional gun-related injuries and that will inform the development of ecologically valid, public health interventions. Ultimately, maximizing the reach of gun-related injury public health interventions is expected to reduce fatalities caused by violence and suicide. This proposal addresses Objective One and falls under Funding Option B of NOFO RFA-CE-20-006.