Preventing Youth Violence Through Building Equitable Communities: An Evaluation of a Multisystemic Intervention

7.项目总结 暴力对非裔美国青年的影响不成比例。除了死亡和受伤，暴力暴露 有严重的心理后果，包括创伤应激症状和内化问题。 自我导向的暴力在非裔美国青年中显示出惊人和不成比例的增长， 从2007年到2018年，自杀率几乎翻了一番。目前的预防策略效果有限， 也许是因为他们未能解决结构性种族主义在暴力中的因果作用。这样做的主要目的是 拟议的项目是审查解决教育中结构性种族主义的干预措施的程度 执法部门减少了中学生的人际暴力和自杀事件， 将重点放在经历健康差距的人群(非裔美国人；低收入社区)。这个 拟议的项目将使用多基线实验设计来检查社区级别的变化 在四个社区随机开始干预，每个社区包括一个警察局和 学校。该干预措施将包括：(A)以学校为基础的干预措施，包括文化上的 响应、社区参与的全校气候干预(全校积极) 行为干预和支持)，以及响应文化的做法培训和辅导；(B)法律 以强制执行为基础的干预部分，代表程序正义干预，包括培训 与少数群体不成比例的接触，以及关于与受创伤暴露的青年缓和局势的培训和指导；以及 (C)社区综合干预，包括警察、学校和社区之间的社区建设 通过以团队为导向的接触，促进人员和青年之间的联系。结果将使用来自 调查对象包括学校和警察部门，以及青年、学校工作人员和警察的调查数据。目标1 是评估针对结构性和文化种族主义在多大程度上减少 青年，通过个人、学校和选区的数据来衡量。目标2是评估以下方面的程度 以结构性和文化种族主义为目标的项目减少了年轻人的自杀率，根据完成的 自杀和最近自杀的先例，包括企图和意念。目标3是评估 以结构性和文化种族主义为目标降低了总体入学率和学校不成比例- 基于排他性的纪律做法；增加与文化相关的教学方法；并降低这两个总体比率 青少年逮捕和警察使用武力的不相称性。目标4是评估具体的干预措施 通过确定它们对假设的个人、教师、 学校和执法部门。这种干预措施有可能降低发病率和死亡率。 在非洲裔美国青年中，提高整体生活质量，并降低与 包括人际暴力和自杀。此外，解决结构性种族主义的有效战略 促进突破性的公共卫生预防健康差距的潜力。

7. Project Summary Violence disproportionately affects African American youth. In addition to death and injury, violence exposure has significant psychological consequences, including traumatic stress symptoms and internalizing problems. Self-directed violence has shown startling and disproportionate growth among African American youth, with suicide rates nearly doubling from 2007 to 2018. Current prevention strategies have limited effectiveness, perhaps due to their failure to address the causal role of structural racism in violence. The primary aim of this proposed project is to examine the extent to which an intervention addressing structural racism in education and law enforcement reduces interpersonal violence and suicide among middle school-aged youth, with a focus on populations experiencing health disparities (African Americans; low-income communities). The proposed project will examine community-level changes using a multiple baseline experimental design that randomizes the start of the intervention in four communities, each comprising a police precinct and middle school. The intervention will consist of (a) school-based intervention components including a culturally responsive, community-inclusive adaptation of a whole-school climate intervention (School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports), and culturally responsive practices training and coaching; (b) law enforcement-based intervention components representing procedural justice interventions, including training in disproportionate minority contact, and training and coaching on de-escalation with trauma-exposed youth; and (c) an integrated community intervention that includes community-building between police officers, school personnel, and youth through team-oriented contact. Outcomes will be measured using archival data from the schools and police department as well as survey data from youth, school personnel, and police officers. Aim 1 is to evaluate the extent to which targeting structural and cultural racism reduces interpersonal violence among youth, as measured by individual-level, school-level, and precinct-level data. Aim 2 is to evaluate the extent to which targeting structural and cultural racism reduces suicidality among youth, as measured by completed suicides and proximal precedents for suicide, including attempts and ideation. Aim 3 is to evaluate the extent to which targeting structural and cultural racism reduces both overall rates and disproportionality of school- based exclusionary discipline practices; increases culturally relevant pedagogy; and reduces both overall rates and disproportionality of juvenile arrests and police use-of-force. Aim 4 is to evaluate specific intervention components by determining their effects on hypothesized mechanisms of change at the individual, teacher, school, and law enforcement levels. This intervention has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality among African American youth, promote overall quality of life, and reduce the societal costs associated with both interpersonal violence and suicidality. Furthermore, effective strategies to address structural racism have the potential to facilitate groundbreaking public health prevention of health disparities.