Preventing Youth Violence Through Building Equitable Communities: An Evaluation of a Multisystemic Intervention

7.项目摘要 暴力对非洲裔美国青年的影响不成比例。除了死亡和受伤，暴力暴露 具有严重的心理后果，包括创伤性应激症状和内化问题。 自我导向的暴力在非裔美国青年中表现出惊人的不成比例的增长， 从2007年到2018年，自杀率几乎翻了一番。目前的预防战略效果有限， 也许是因为他们未能解决结构性种族主义在暴力中的因果作用。其主要目的是 拟议的项目是审查解决教育中结构性种族主义的干预措施在多大程度上 执法减少了中学生之间的人际暴力和自杀， 重点关注经历健康差异的人群（非裔美国人;低收入社区）。的 拟议的项目将使用多基线实验设计来检查社区一级的变化， 在四个社区随机开始干预，每个社区包括一个警察分局和一个中等警察分局。 学校干预措施将包括：（a）以学校为基础的干预措施， 响应，社区包容性的全校气候干预适应（全校积极 行为干预和支持），以及对文化敏感的做法培训和辅导;（B）法律 基于执法的干预部分，代表程序性司法干预，包括以下方面的培训 不成比例地接触少数群体，并就如何缓解创伤暴露青年的问题提供培训和辅导; (c)一个综合的社区干预，包括社区建设之间的警察，学校 通过面向团队的联系，与人员和青年建立联系。将使用来自 学校和警察部门以及青年、学校工作人员和警察的调查数据。要求1 评估针对结构性和文化性种族主义在多大程度上减少了 青年，如个人层面，学校层面和选区层面的数据衡量。目标2是评估 针对结构性和文化种族主义，减少了青年人的自杀行为， 自杀和自杀的近端先例，包括企图和想法。目标3是评估 针对结构性和文化性种族主义的目标降低了学校的总体入学率和辍学率， 基于排斥性纪律做法;增加文化相关的教学法;并降低 以及逮捕青少年和警察使用武力的不合理性。目标4：评估具体干预措施 通过确定它们对个人，教师， 学校和执法部门这种干预措施有可能降低发病率和死亡率 在非洲裔美国青年中，提高整体生活质量，减少与之相关的社会成本。 包括人际暴力和自杀倾向此外，解决结构性种族主义的有效战略 促进开创性的公共卫生预防健康差距的潜力。

7. Project Summary Violence disproportionately affects African American youth. In addition to death and injury, violence exposure has significant psychological consequences, including traumatic stress symptoms and internalizing problems. Self-directed violence has shown startling and disproportionate growth among African American youth, with suicide rates nearly doubling from 2007 to 2018. Current prevention strategies have limited effectiveness, perhaps due to their failure to address the causal role of structural racism in violence. The primary aim of this proposed project is to examine the extent to which an intervention addressing structural racism in education and law enforcement reduces interpersonal violence and suicide among middle school-aged youth, with a focus on populations experiencing health disparities (African Americans; low-income communities). The proposed project will examine community-level changes using a multiple baseline experimental design that randomizes the start of the intervention in four communities, each comprising a police precinct and middle school. The intervention will consist of (a) school-based intervention components including a culturally responsive, community-inclusive adaptation of a whole-school climate intervention (School-wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports), and culturally responsive practices training and coaching; (b) law enforcement-based intervention components representing procedural justice interventions, including training in disproportionate minority contact, and training and coaching on de-escalation with trauma-exposed youth; and (c) an integrated community intervention that includes community-building between police officers, school personnel, and youth through team-oriented contact. Outcomes will be measured using archival data from the schools and police department as well as survey data from youth, school personnel, and police officers. Aim 1 is to evaluate the extent to which targeting structural and cultural racism reduces interpersonal violence among youth, as measured by individual-level, school-level, and precinct-level data. Aim 2 is to evaluate the extent to which targeting structural and cultural racism reduces suicidality among youth, as measured by completed suicides and proximal precedents for suicide, including attempts and ideation. Aim 3 is to evaluate the extent to which targeting structural and cultural racism reduces both overall rates and disproportionality of school- based exclusionary discipline practices; increases culturally relevant pedagogy; and reduces both overall rates and disproportionality of juvenile arrests and police use-of-force. Aim 4 is to evaluate specific intervention components by determining their effects on hypothesized mechanisms of change at the individual, teacher, school, and law enforcement levels. This intervention has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality among African American youth, promote overall quality of life, and reduce the societal costs associated with both interpersonal violence and suicidality. Furthermore, effective strategies to address structural racism have the potential to facilitate groundbreaking public health prevention of health disparities.