Occupational Exposure and Health Risk from Dairy Microbiome and Resistome to Dairy Farm Workers

项目总结 在过去的40年里，生物和化学改良剂增加了美国的农业产量。 大多数美国乳制品生产商给他们的奶牛注射亚治疗性、预防性剂量的抗菌剂 促进动物生长，预防公共传染病。这种抗菌剂的使用可能会出现 奶牛中可传播的抗药性细菌可通过职业传播给奶农 曝光。我们建议对鼻腔微生物群、肠道微生物群和抗菌药进行定义和比较。 乳品工人及其奶牛的抗性基因，以调查对乳品的潜在有害或有益影响 农民。我们建议的理由是，奶牛养殖场工人职业接触抗菌剂 抗药性基因和可通过奶牛传播的抗药性细菌尚不清楚。我们的建议是核心 动机是了解奶牛场暴露对奶农的潜在有害或有益影响。 在强劲的初步数据指导下，这项建议追求四个目标。在目标一中，我们将描述鼻腔的特征 以及奶牛、奶农和上班族的肠道微生物群，检验了乳制品 农民和奶牛的微生物群组成与办公室职员的微生物群不同 组成。在目标二中，我们将定量评估微生物群落的时间变化、毒力 因素，以及奶牛和奶农之间的抵抗力，并开发计算模型来识别 与季节性流感和胃肠道症状相关的风险因素，检验了以下假设 奶牛和奶农的鼻腔和粪便群落将共享抗性基因和毒力因子。 在第三个目标中，我们将了解和预测耐药性的时间传播动力学。 奶牛和奶农之间的基因，测试抗生素耐药性基因存在的假设 奶牛的健康状况将反映在他们所接触的奶农身上。在目标四中，我们将了解 奶农对共享奶牛和奶农微生物群的观念和行为， 检验假设，即奶农对乳制品构成的职业危害知识不完全 但愿意了解这些风险，并采取措施减轻这些风险。 我们的建议是创新的，它涉及一个跨学科的研究团队，专注于最新的 奶牛公共卫生问题研究不足的ART工具对奶牛养殖户的抗菌素耐药性 有机体传播。我们的建议意义重大，因为它将1)提高我们对共享VS的理解 奶牛、奶农和上班族之间微生物组和抵抗组的独特成分，2) 加强我们对乳品行业当前使用方法对AMR传播的影响及其影响的知识 对农场工人的潜在风险。我们的建议是有影响力的，因为它将为 向奶农传达风险缓解策略，以减少抗生素耐药性的传播 它将为其他农业畜牧工人组合提供一个通用模板。

PROJECT SUMMARY Over the last four decades, biological and chemical modifiers have increased agricultural production in the US. Most US dairy producers administer sub-therapeutic, prophylactic doses of antimicrobials to their cows to enhance animal growth and prevent communal infectious diseases. This antimicrobial use risks the emergence of transmissible antibiotic-resistant bacteria in cows that can spread to dairy farmers via occupational exposure. We propose to define and compare the nasal microbiomes, gut microbiomes, and antimicrobial resistance genes of dairy workers and their cows to investigate potential harmful or beneficial effects on dairy farmers. Our proposal’s rationale is that occupational exposure of dairy farm workers to antimicrobial resistance genes and transmissible resistant bacteria via dairy cows is unknown. Our proposal’s central motivation is to understand the potential harmful or beneficial effects of dairy farm exposure on dairy farmers. Guided by strong preliminary data, this proposal pursues four aims. In aim one, we will characterize the nasal and gut microbiomes of dairy cows, dairy farmers, and office workers, testing the hypothesis that dairy farmers and dairy cows have a shared microbiome composition that differs from office workers’ microbiome composition. In aim two, we will quantitatively assess temporal changes in microbial communities, virulence factors, and resistomes between dairy cows and dairy farmers and develop computational models to identify risk factors associated with seasonal influenza and gastrointestinal symptoms, testing the hypothesis that nasal and fecal communities of dairy cows and dairy farmers will share resistance genes and virulence factors. In aim three, we will understand and predict the temporal transmission dynamics of antimicrobial resistance genes between dairy cows and dairy farmers, testing the hypothesis that antibiotic resistance genes present in dairy cows will be reflected in dairy farmers they are in contact with. In aim four we will understand the conception and behaviors of dairy farmers regarding the shared dairy cow and dairy farmer microbiome, testing the hypothesis that dairy farmers have incomplete knowledge of the occupational hazard posed by antimicrobial resistant organisms, but are willing to learn about these risks and take steps to mitigate them. Our proposal is innovative with its involvement of a cross-disciplinary team of researchers to focus state-of-the- art tools on the understudied public health problem of dairy cow to dairy farmer antimicrobial resistant organism transmission. Our proposal is significant because it will 1) improve our understanding of shared vs unique components of microbiome and resistome between dairy cows, dairy farmers and office workers, 2) enhance our knowledge on the impact of current use practices in dairy industry on AMR transmission and its potential risk to farm workers. Our proposal is impactful because it will provide specific avenues for communication of risk mitigation strategies to dairy farmers to reduce transmission of antibiotic resistant organisms and it will provide a general template for other agricultural livestock-worker combinations.