Understanding Ethnic Differences in Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

《全球癌症健康差异》U01 CA164973附录 《了解癌症中的种族差异：多种族队列研究》 主要研究员：洛伊克·勒·马钱德，医学博士 标题：了解日裔美国人患结直肠癌的高风险：MEC-JPHC的比较 摘要： 本申请是为了回应被确认为非CA-CA的特殊利益通知(NOSI)而提交的 20-032.本补充资料的目的是为了更好地了解日裔美国人患心脏病的风险很高。 通过比较结直肠癌的危险因素和癌症相关生物标记物 本质上不同的风险：日裔美国人参与多种族队列(MEC)和日本人 日本公共卫生中心前瞻性研究(JPHC)队列的参与者。这两组人 在基因相似的人群中进行，有非常相似的基于社区的设计， 调查问卷、生物样本收集方案和时间进程。因此，它们提供了一个独特的机会 为了更好地了解这两个地区癌症发病趋势和危险因素的异同 人口。在目标1中，我们建议验证基于血液生物标记物的内脏脂肪组织评分。 (增值税)，最初由日本经济产业省开发，在140名健康的东京中年人中进行了增值税测量 可用。在MEC的日裔美国人中，这一得分与结直肠癌有关，独立于 BMI和其他风险因素，表明增值税，一种在日本不成比例地过量的脂肪 美国人，可能在解释他们患这种疾病的高风险方面发挥了重要作用。相比之下，肥胖 在日本仍然很少见。在目标2中，我们建议正式比较结直肠癌的危险因素。 日本MEC(N=2,092例)和JPHC(N=2,600例)之间。我们将特别关注风险因素 与日裔美国人相关的，如增值税和增值税相关的营养成分，并调查 他们是否解释了两个队列之间结直肠癌发病率的差异。这些风险因素 包括：前瞻性分析：饮食质量(2015年健康饮食指数，日本饮食指数)，摄入量 饮食成分(如糖、脂肪、膳食纤维、红肉、熟肉、酒精)、体力活动、BMI、 和吸烟，以及嵌套病例对照研究(MEC为381例/381例对照；MEC为375例/对照 JPHC)：VAT生物标记物评分和癌症相关生物标记物(IGF-I、IGFBP3、胰岛素、HOMA-IR、瘦素、 脂联素，SHBG)。遗传祖先的相似性将根据现有的Gwas数据进行确认。通过 提供来自外部比较人群的非常相似的数据，这一补充将进一步说明父母 U01 CA164973 GRANT的目的是通过关注以下方面更好地了解癌症中种族/种族差异的原因 日裔美国人，一个很少被研究的群体。

Global Cancer Health Disparities Supplement to U01 CA164973 “Understanding Ethnic Differences in Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort Study” Principal Investigator: Loïc Le Marchand, MD, PhD Title: Understanding the high colorectal cancer risk of Japanese Americans: A MEC-JPHC comparison Abstract: This application is being submitted in response to the Notice of Special Interest (NOSI) identified as NOT-CA- 20-032. The purpose of this supplement is to better understand the very high risk of Japanese Americans for colorectal cancer by comparing risk factors and cancer-related biomarkers between two populations with substantially different risks: Japanese Americans participating in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) and Japanese participants in the Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study (JPHC) Cohort. These two cohorts conducted on genetically similar populations, have very comparable community-based designs, questionnaires, biospecimen collection protocols and time course. Therefore, they provide a unique opportunity to better understand similarities and differences in incidence trends and risk factors for cancer in these two populations. In Aim 1, we propose to validate a blood biomarker-based score for visceral adipose tissue (VAT), originally developed in MEC, among 140 healthy Tokyo middle-aged adults with VAT measurement available. This score was associated with colorectal cancer in Japanese Americans in MEC, independently of BMI and other risk factors, suggesting that VAT, a type of fat disproportionally abundant in Japanese Americans, may play an important role in explaining their high risk for the disease. In contrast, obesity has remained rare in Japan. In Aim 2, we propose to formally compare risk factors for colorectal cancer in Japanese between MEC (N=2,092 cases) and JPHC (N=2,600 cases). We will focus on risk factors particularly relevant to Japanese Americans, such as VAT and VAT-related nutritional components, and investigate whether they explain differences in incidence of colorectal cancer between the two cohorts. These risk factors include: for prospective analyses: diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2015, Japanese Diet Index), intakes of dietary components (e.g., sugars, fat, dietary fiber, red meat, well-done meat, alcohol), physical activity, BMI, and smoking, and for nested case-control studies (381 cases / 381 controls in MEC; 375 cases / controls in JPHC): the VAT biomarker score and cancer-related biomarkers (IGF-I, IGFBP3, insulin, HOMA-IR, leptin, adiponectin, SHBG). The similarity of genetic ancestry will be confirmed based on available GWAS data. By contributing very similar data from an outside comparison population, this supplement will further the parent U01 CA164973 grant’s aim to better understand reasons for ethnic/racial disparities in cancer by focusing on Japanese Americans, a rarely-studied population.