Perceptual stability during torsional eye movements

眼球扭转运动期间的知觉稳定性

• 批准号: 10178251
• 负责人: Jorge Otero-Millan
• 金额: $ 24.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10178251
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Area; Award; Brain; Computer Models; Data; Diagnosis; Diagnostic Procedure; Dimensions; Disease; Disorientation; Ensure; Environment; Equilibrium; Eye; Eye Movements; Financial compensation; Goals; Head; Head Movements; Knowledge; Laboratories; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Methods; Modeling; Motion; Motion Perception; Movement; Ocular orbit; Outcome; Paralysed; Parietal; Patients; Perception; Phase; Play; Positioning Attribute; Proprioception; Reflex action; Research; Residual state; Retina; Role; Rotation; Saccades; Shoulder; Side; Signal Transduction; Space Perception; Stimulus; Symptoms; System; Time; Torsion; Training; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Update; Vertical Dimension; Vision; Vision research; Visual; Visual Perception; base; disability; discount; experimental study; falls; gaze; improved; innovation; neglect; novel diagnostics; novel therapeutics; oculomotor; retinal imaging; two-dimensional; vestibulo-ocular reflex; vision science

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT A central question in vision research is how we perceive a stable world despite continuous retinal motion from eye movements. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to improving diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from blurred or jumping vision, mislocalization of objects, abnormal tilt and slant perception, loss of balance and falls. Current models of perceptual stability during eye movements ignore the fact that the eye ro- tates around three axes. One important mechanism uses the efference copy of the command that moves the eyes to discount the retinal motion or displacement caused by eye movements. Research has focused on the horizontal and vertical dimensions of motion, overlooking the important contribution from the third (torsional) dimension, in which the eyes rotate around the line of sight, as happens, e.g., every time we tilt our head towards the shoul- der. Torsional eye position directly contributes to our perception of tilt (clockwise or counterclockwise) and of slant (orientation in the sagittal plane). The main reason for the gap in knowledge about torsion has been the technological challenge of reliably measuring torsion. We overcame this barrier by developing a new method for measuring torsional eye movements noninvasively. This proposal aims to study the perceptual effects and brain mechanisms of the efference copy for torsional eye movements. During the mentored phase, the candidate will use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with measurements of perception of upright, and tor- sional eye movement recordings to determine the role of particular cortical circuits in taking into account static torsion that occurs during static head tilts. During the independent phase, the candidate will study how percep- tion is altered around the time of quick torsional eye movements and during torsional vestibular ocular reflex. This will enable us to determine if the brain uses signals in three or two dimensions to compensate for the retinal motion induced by eye movements. These experiments will give us a unique opportunity to provide critical new evidence to modify and expand current models of perceptual stability. Studying torsion, we will be able to dis- criminate between computational models and brain areas that only account for the two dimensions of the retinal image versus those that account for all three dimensions of motion. Ultimately, understanding these mechanisms will provide new diagnostic and therapeutic avenues for people with unsteady vision, spatial disorientation, and falls.

项目总结/摘要 视觉研究中的一个中心问题是，尽管视网膜在不断运动，我们如何感知一个稳定的世界？ 眼球运动了解这些机制对于改善患者的诊断和治疗至关重要 患有视力模糊或跳跃，物体定位错误，不正常的倾斜和倾斜知觉， 平衡和福尔斯。目前的眼睛运动过程中的知觉稳定性模型忽略了眼睛运动的事实， 围绕三个轴旋转。一个重要的机制是使用移动眼睛的命令的传出副本 以忽略由眼睛运动引起的视网膜运动或位移。研究集中在横向 和运动的垂直维度，忽略了来自第三（扭转）维度的重要贡献， 其中眼睛围绕视线旋转，例如，每当我们把头转向肩膀的时候， 德。扭转的眼睛位置直接有助于我们对倾斜（顺时针或逆时针）的感知， 倾斜（矢状面中的方向）。关于扭转的知识存在差距的主要原因是 可靠测量扭矩的技术挑战。我们通过开发一种新方法克服了这一障碍， 非侵入性地测量眼球扭转运动。这项提议旨在研究知觉效应和大脑 扭转眼球运动的传出复制机制。在指导阶段，候选人将 使用经颅磁刺激（TMS）结合测量直立感， 视动眼动记录，以确定特定皮层回路在考虑静态 在静压头倾斜过程中发生的扭转。在独立阶段，候选人将学习如何学习- 在快速扭转眼球运动前后和扭转前庭眼球反射期间， 这将使我们能够确定大脑是否使用三维或二维信号来补偿视网膜的 由眼球运动引起的运动。这些实验将为我们提供一个独特的机会， 证据来修改和扩展当前的感知稳定性模型。学习扭转，我们将能够- 计算机模型和大脑区域之间的犯罪，只占视网膜的两个维度 图像与考虑运动的所有三个维度的图像的比较。最终，了解这些机制 将为视力不稳定、空间定向障碍和 福尔斯。