Downstream sample analyses from 3 NHP species infected with SARS-CoV-2.

在过去三个月，COVID-19已成为一场重大流行病。冠状病毒SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19的病原体，具有显著的传染性和致病性，特别是在老年人中 疾病预防控制中心报告说，10例死亡中有8例 美国报告的与COVID-19相关的病例均为65岁及以上的成年人。与许多其他肺 传染病中，老年人可能出现非典型症状和SARS-CoV-2的初始体征 感染可能会被遗漏，导致持续的感染传播。 德克萨斯生物医学公司最近感染了两种不同年龄组的普通绒猴，恒河猴和 感染SARS冠状病毒的狒狒每个物种的感染结果都不同。广泛的样本采集 发生在整个14天的研究，提供了一个阵列的库存样品从3种NHP，两个 年龄组和感染和未感染对照。我们提出了五个目标，使用库存样本， 增加我们对SARS-CoV-2感染和老年宿主反应的理解。目标1将 研究SARS-CoV-2感染期间的肺环境是否导致宿主氧化 先天分子和可能与COVID-19急性呼吸窘迫综合征（COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome，ARDS）有关。目的2 将决定SARS期间常驻和浸润的先天免疫细胞的表型和功能- CoV-2感染，重点是细胞因子风暴的启动和维持。目标3将解剖T 和B细胞反应在肺和淋巴结在早期SARS-CoV-2感染，可能会导致相关的 关于长期保护性免疫的信息。目标4将重点关注感染过程中的病毒， 病毒突变是否发生，以及它们是否在物种和年龄之间存在差异。目标5将支持- 对福尔马林固定的组织进行深入分析，目的是观察SARS-CoV-2在肺部以外的感染， 确定器官如脑、心脏和肠中感染进展的相关性。

Over the last three months, COVID-19 has emerged as a major pandemic. Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, has remarkable infectiousness and pathogenicity, particularly in the elderly and people with immunocompromising conditions.1 The CDC have reported that 8 out of 10 deaths reported in the US related to COVID-19 are in adults 65 years and older. Similar to many other pulmonary infectious diseases, the elderly can present with atypical symptoms and initial signs of SARS-CoV-2 infection may be missed resulting in ongoing infection transmission. Texas Biomed recently infected two different age groups of common marmoset, rhesus macaque and baboon with SARS-CoV-2. Each species had differing infection outcomes. Extensive sample collection occurred throughout the 14-day study, providing an array of banked samples from 3 species of NHP, two age groups, and infected and non infected controls. We propose five Aims using banked samples, to increase our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the host response in old age. Aim 1 will investigate whether the pulmonary environment during SARS-CoV-2 infection results in oxidation of host innate molecules and a possible link to COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (CARDS). Aim 2 will determine the phenotype and function of resident and infiltrating innate immune cells during SARS- CoV-2 infection with a focus on the initiation and maintenance of a cytokine storm. Aim 3 will dissect the T and B cell response in lung and lymph nodes during early SARS-CoV-2 infection that may lead to relevant information about long term protective immunity. Aim 4 will focus on the virus during infection, determining whether viral mutations occur and whether they differ between species and age. Aim 5 will support in- depth analyses of formalin fixed tissues with a goal of viewing SARS-CoV-2 infection beyond the lung and identifying correlates of infection progression in organs such as the brain, heart and intestine.