Self-regulation of Health Promotion: the Roles of Momentary Variability in Working Memory Capacity and Neurocognitive Aging

项目摘要 在短期(工作)记忆(WM)中实例化和维护目标表征的能力是 人类灵活思考和目标导向行为的能力。关键的是，人类的衰老与 控制什么获得并维持在WM中的能力下降(衰老的“执行”假说)。 虽然执行假说近年来在神经认知老化的背景下得到了很好的研究，但它 对于这些变化是否与日常生活中的目标导向行为有关，人们仍然知之甚少。AS 一种解决这个问题的新方法，在目前的一组研究中，我们将检查大脑成像的贡献， 以实验室为基础，对WM进行即时(即每日/一天内)评估，以自我调节健康促进 行为(具体地说，身体活动)。最近的证据表明，执行控制中的个体差异 是个人能否成功地将体力活动目标转化为 日常行为(即自我调节能力)。然而，这一点在中年人和 老年人的WM及其附属脑网络的效率可能会发生变化。一个重要的 下一步是在自然主义环境中的行为水平上检查工作记忆和自我调节。美国国家卫生研究院/国家安全局 正在寻求K99/R00独立之路奖，以提供非卧床PI培训 测量方法(生态瞬时评估，EMA)和开展新的 对更年轻、更中年和更年长的成年人进行的纵向研究集中于瞬时的工作记忆能力在 自我调节身体活动。基于智能手机的EMA的使用将提供对日常生活的一瞥 研究参与者的生活，提供了一个新的机会来研究神经认知资源和实验室- 基于对工作记忆控制的评估，会向个体内部的认知和行为轨迹投射。 目前的建议将包括： 1)考察WM对健康促进行为和健康/健康的自我调节的贡献 是中老年人的结果。自我报告高度自律的个人 实现总体上更好的健康和福祉结果。然而，对工作流管理的角色控制 处理在缓和这些成就中的作用一直没有得到充分的研究。 2)开发新的WM容量动态测量方法。基于实验室的执行控制任务较少 适用于非卧式部署。EMA的WM能力将对受控能力进行客观评估 近距离认知对行为的实时自我调节。 3)研究构成工作记忆的神经认知资源的个体差异 对健康促进行为的个体内轨迹进行加工。我们预计 与年龄相关的支持WM处理的神经认知资源的下降/维持将 在决定个人自我调节体力活动的能力方面起着关键作用。

Project Summary The ability to instantiate and maintain goal representations in short-term (“working”) memory (WM) is central to human capacities for flexible thought and goal-directed behavior. Critically, human aging is associated with a decline in the ability to control what gains access to and is maintained in WM (“executive” hypothesis of aging). While the executive hypothesis has been well-studied in recent years in context of neurocognitive aging, it remains poorly understood whether these changes are consequential to goal-directed behavior in daily life. As a novel approach to this issue, in the present set of studies we will examine the contribution of brain imaging, lab-based, and momentary (i.e. daily/within-day) assessments of WM to self-regulation of health promotion behavior (specifically, physical activity). Recent evidence shows that individual differences in executive control are a primary determinant of an individual’s ability to successfully translate physical activity goals into daily behavior (i.e. self-regulatory capacity). However, this has been understudied in middle-aged and older adults in whom the efficiency of WM and affiliated brain networks are subject to alteration. An important next step is to examine WM and self-regulation at the level of behavior in naturalistic settings. The NIH/NIA K99/R00 Pathway to Independence Award is being sought to provide the PI training in ambulatory measurement methodology (ecological momentary assessments, EMA) and the resources to conduct a novel longitudinal study of younger, middle-aged, and older adults focused on the role of momentary WM abilities in self-regulation of physical activity. The use of smart phone-based EMA will provide a glimpse into the daily lives of study participants, providing a novel opportunity to examine how neurocognitive resources and lab- based assessments of control over WM project out to intra-individual trajectories of cognition and behavior. The current proposal will: 1) Examine the contribution of WM to self-regulation of health promotion behavior and health/well- being outcomes in middle-aged and older adults. Individuals who self-report high self-regulation achieve generally superior health and well-being outcomes. However, the role control over WM processing plays in moderating these achievements has been understudied. 2) Develop novel ambulatory measures of WM capacity. Lab-based executive control tasks are less suitable for ambulatory deployment. EMA of WM capacity will place objective assessment of controlled cognition in close proximity of real-time self-regulation of behavior. 3) Examine how individual differences in the neurocognitive resources that underlie WM processing project out into intra-individual trajectories of health promotion behavior. We expect that age-related declines/maintenance of the neurocognitive resources that support WM processing will play a key role in determining an individual’s capacity to self-regulate physical activity.