Effects of Early-Life and Lifetime Neighborhood Exposures on Cognitive Decline and Dementia

项目摘要/摘要 拟议研究的目的是提供必要的培训和研究经验，以促进私营部门的 向阿尔茨海默病及其相关生命过程研究领域的独立研究人员过渡 痴呆(ADRD)。PI是一名社会人口学家，专门研究生命历程、健康和邻里关系 研究。拟议的培训将促进PI对社区在塑造中的作用的理解 对生命历程的认知，并提供(1)空间科学，(2)衰老生物学，(3)风险抵御能力方面的培训 模型，以及(4)因果推理建模，这将为她现有的工具包添加基本技能和知识。 早年的邻里逆境是认知不良的有力预测因素，但先前的研究对此进行了检验 LINK主要局限于对年轻人群的研究。更少的人知道这对一生的影响 老年人早期生活的社区环境对认知结果的影响。早期接触邻里关系 逆境可能是压力的来源，引发影响认知的生物和心理社会过程。这个 拟议的研究具有非常重要的意义和创新性，因为它(1)促进了对 老年人早期生活社区和认知之间的关系，(2)调查生物风险和 心理社会复原力途径解释了这一联系，以及(3)考察了社区对 整个生命过程中的认知老化。 拟议的研究将利用健康和退休研究(HRS)和 1940年的人口普查。这种数据链接为开发新的基于邻域的数据提供了新的机会 早期生活逆境的衡量标准，如接触犯罪、水中含铅和居住隔离 链接到其他历史背景数据集。这些新措施将推动现有的关于早期 ADRD的起源主要集中在个人层面的社会经济地位作为关键的早期生命风险 各种因素。作为数据共享计划的一部分，这些措施将向用户社区提供，以便进行分析 早期生活社区对晚年健康结果的影响。利用中提供的住宅历史 HRS，拟议的研究将创造对邻里逆境的累积暴露 受访者的一生。HRS还具有所有其他特征，可以研究 这一建议包括生理调节障碍、心理社会韧性和认知/痴呆。 PI将实现这些研究目标并在南加州大学(USC)进行培训。 南加州大学是一个理想的地点，因为那里有充足的智力和结构资源、培训机会和 为认知老化、邻里关系和生命历程以及心理生理学的研究人员提供指导。新的 熟练程度将使PI准备写一份R01，以考察性别和种族差异在早期- 生活邻里逆境对认知损害非痴呆症(CIND)和痴呆症的影响。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT The aim of the proposed research is to provide necessary training and research experience to facilitate the PI’s transition to an independent researcher in the field of life course research on Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). The PI is a social demographer with specialization in life course health and neighborhood research. The proposed training will advance the PI’s understanding of the role of neighborhoods in shaping cognition over the life course and provide training in (1) spatial science, (2) biology of aging, (3) risk-resilience model, and (4) causal inference modeling that will add essential skills and knowledge to her existing toolkit. Early-life neighborhood adversity is a strong predictor of poor cognition, but prior research examining this link is mostly limited to studies of younger populations. Much less is known about the lifelong implications of early-life neighborhood contexts for cognitive outcomes in older adults. Early-life exposure to neighborhood adversity may be a source of stress eliciting biological and psychosocial processes that impact cognition. The proposed research is highly significant and innovative because it (1) advances understanding of the relationships between early-life neighborhoods and cognition in older adults, (2) investigates biological risk and psychosocial resilience pathways explaining this link, and (3) examines cumulative neighborhood effects on cognitive aging over the life course. The proposed research will leverage recent linkages between the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and the 1940 Census. This data linkage provides a novel opportunity to develop new neighborhood-based measures of early-life adversity such as exposure to crime, water-borne lead and residential segregation by linking to other historical contextual datasets. These new measures will advance existing literature on early origins of ADRD which has primarily focused on individual-level socioeconomic status as key early-life risk factors. As part of data sharing plan, these measures will be available to the user community to allow analysis of early-life neighborhoods on later-life health outcomes. Taking advantage of residential histories available in the HRS, the proposed research will create cumulative exposure to neighborhood adversity covering respondents’ entire lifetime. The HRS also has all the other characteristics to study key concepts proposed in this proposal including physiological dysregulation, psychosocial resilience, and cognition/dementia. The PI will achieve these research objectives and training at the University of Southern California (USC). USC is an ideal location as there are ample intellectual and structural resources, training opportunities, and mentors for researchers in cognitive aging, neighborhoods and the life course, and psychophysiology. The new proficiencies will prepare the PI to write an R01 to examine gender and racial differences in the effect of early- life neighborhood adversity on cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND) and dementia.