Predicting cognitive function: Biomarkers and economics in a rural aged cohort

项目摘要 老年人是最容易感染新冠肺炎的人群之一。前所未有的经济 大流行造成的破坏和社会孤立可能会不成比例地造成长期和 对这一高危群体的潜在不可逆转的负面影响。拟议的研究将集中在 影响800多名老年人健康和福利的经济情况和社会行为 参与者及其约400名中年成年子女。我们将利用家庭过渡项目， 最初是研究农村家庭对农业经济严重衰退的反应 20世纪80年代在美国，一直持续到今天。因此，我们处于独特的地位，可以研究 30多年来新冠肺炎大流行对个人和家庭的影响 累积的前瞻性数据。拟议的工作将评估与新冠肺炎相关的变化在 经济和社会环境影响两代人的健康和福利 关于家庭的。我们建议研究个人和家庭对经济环境的适应情况，并 受个人特征和生活经历影响的压力源，并提出建议 关于在未来提高弱势群体复原力的新方案和社会政策 危机。父母助学金的目标是系统地评估正常老龄化的认知功能。 并评估其与视网膜神经纤维层厚度、近端和累积性之间的关系 经济和社会压力，并量化生物变量与血管风险因素(BMI， 高血压、吸烟)，以及性别，缓和了这些联系。这份增刊将增强 这项工作是在新冠肺炎大流行的背景下解决这些问题。目标是 使用补充资金解决的问题是：(1)调查新冠肺炎疫情对全球经济的影响 老年人及其中年成年子女的健康。我们将评估COVID的程度- 与之相关的经济和社会压力因素，如经济困难和情绪困扰， 受影响的个人健康状况、先前存在的慢性病(如糖尿病)的管理、 影响健康的行为(如吸烟、药物使用、锻炼)和认知功能。(2) 调查新冠肺炎疫情对跨代家庭福利的影响。我们将评估 新冠肺炎引发的经济社会应激源对社会行为和家庭的影响 在几代人之间运作。在这场危机中，我们将研究代际 经济环境、情绪健康和社会行为(如物质使用)的传递 评估新冠肺炎压力源对婚姻和父母质量等家庭过程的影响- 孩子之间的关系。

PROJECT ABSTRACT Older adults are one of the populations most vulnerable to COVID-19. The unprecedented economic disruption and social isolation caused by the pandemic may disproportionately cause long-lasting and potentially irreversible negative impacts to this at-risk group. The proposed research will focus on economic circumstances and social behaviors that affect the health and welfare of over 800 older adult participants and their ~400 middle-aged adult children. We will utilize the Family Transitions Project, that originally began as a study of the rural family response to the severe recession in the agricultural economy in the U.S. during the 1980s and continues to this day. Thus, we are uniquely positioned to examine the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals and families in the context of over 30 years of accumulated prospective data. The proposed work will assess how COVID-19-associated changes in economic and social circumstances impact the health and welfare of individuals across two generations of families. We propose to examine individual and family adjustment to economic circumstances and stressors that are affected by personal characteristics and life experiences, and make recommendations regarding new programs and social policies that increase resiliency of vulnerable populations in future crises. The goals of the parent grant are to systematically evaluate cognitive function in a normative aging population and assess its association with retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and proximal and cumulative economic and social stress, and to quantify how biological variables related to vascular risk factors (BMI, hypertension, smoking), as well as gender, moderate these associations. This supplement will enhance this work by addressing these questions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The aims to be addressed using supplementary funds are: (1) Investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of older adults and their middle-aged adult children. We will evaluate the extent to which COVID- 19-associated economic and social stressors, such as financial hardship and emotional distress, have impacted individuals’ health status, management of pre-existing chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes), behaviors that affect health (e.g., smoking, substance use, exercising), and cognitive functioning. (2) Investigate the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family welfare across generations. We will assess the impact of economic and social stressors resulting from COVID-19 on social behaviors and family functioning between generations. During this time of crisis, we will examine the intergenerational transmission of economic circumstances, emotional well-being, and social behaviors (e.g. substance use) and assess the impact of COVID-19 stressors on family processes such as the quality of marital and parent- child relationships.