Non-invasive approaches to mosquito-borne pathogen surveillance using excreta

利用排泄物监测蚊媒病原体的非侵入性方法

• 批准号: 10195715
• 负责人: Dana C Price
• 金额: $ 17.1万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-10 至 2023-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10195715
• 关键词: Address; Arboviruses; Bacteria; Behavior; Catalogs; Chikungunya virus; Climate; Cold Chains; Collaborations; Collection; Consumption; County; Coupled; Culicidae; Custom; Data; Dengue Fever; Dengue Virus; Detection; Devices; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Early Diagnosis; Elements; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Ensure; Environment; Epidemic; Eukaryota; Event; Feces; Foundations; Future; Genome; Genomics; Goals; Gravid; Habitats; High Performance Computing; Human; Hydrophobic Surfaces; Infection; Informatics; Libraries; Link; Location; Malaria; Microbe; Molecular Analysis; Molecular Conformation; Monitor; Mosquito Control; Mosquito-borne infectious disease; Nanostructures; New Jersey; Nucleic Acids; Parasites; Population; Prevalence; Protocols documentation; RNA; RNA Viruses; Reporting; Rural; Sampling; Seasons; Sentinel; Shotguns; Site; Structure; Surface; System; Taxonomy; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tube; Viral; Virus; West Nile virus; Yellow Fever; Zika Virus; base; cluster computing; contig; design; efficacy testing; enzootic; feeding; field study; human disease; instrument; metagenomic sequencing; microbiome; mosquito-borne pathogen; next generation sequencing; novel; pathogen; preservation; programs; prototype; rapid technique; response; scale up; suburb; sugar; vector; vector control; vector mosquito; vector-borne pathogen; virome

Project Summary Mosquito-borne diseases are expanding rapidly across the globe. Recent outbreaks of West Nile, dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses have sickened hundreds of millions of people, while parasites such as malaria kill over 400,000 annually. The spread of competent vectors and their pathogens to new continents and climates, coupled with the recent rapid global expansion of other novel RNA viruses that infect humans, emphasizes the need for rapid and reliable pathogen surveillance techniques now more than ever. Early detection ensures that vector control efforts are directed to the right location at the right time to avert a potential epidemic. Surveillance and detection of infected mosquitoes is often an early predictor of impending human infection however comes with challenges, including the time involved to sort, identify and extract RNA from large numbers of mosquitoes while maintaining a cold chain. This requires that mosquito surveillance, identification, and pooling precede virus testing. It has recently been shown that mosquitoes with a disseminated infection excrete (as excreta/feces) arbovirus and parasites in concentrations suitable for detection when sampled in the lab. This allows for rapid and non-destructive sampling and pathogen testing, however current field trapping devices are unable to efficiently collect the randomly distributed ca. 1.5 µL excreta droplets. To address this issue, we propose here to design two novel excreta-collecting mosquito traps for host-seeking and ovipositing (or gravid) mosquitoes, respectively, that utilize sugar feeding stations and a custom fabricated collection system composed of a nanostructured superhydrophobic surface to funnel and condense the excreta sample. An appropriate hydrophobic surface conformation will first be selected and tested for efficacy during initial field trials. This prototype will then be scaled up and configured to trap wild mosquito populations while channeling and aggregating excreta produced within the trap to a standard microcentrifuge tube attached externally for quick and easy collection. To test the ability of both devices to effectively sample potential pathogens from trapped mosquitoes, the traps will be deployed across five New Jersey counties spanning a multitude of mosquito habitat in collaboration with county mosquito control agencies. The captured excreta will be subject to metavirome sequencing to identify and assemble genome data from the full breadth of both known and potentially novel RNA viruses in the samples, representing a broad diversity of New Jersey mosquitoes. This project represents a foundational step towards sentinel “mosquito free” surveillance of vector-borne pathogens that will facilitate rapid response to mitigate enzootic outbreaks before they occur.

项目摘要 蚊子传播的疾病正在地球仪上迅速蔓延。最近爆发的西 尼罗河病毒、登革热病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和寨卡病毒已使数亿人患病， 疟疾等寄生虫每年杀死40多万人。感受态病媒的传播及其 病原体向新的大陆和气候转移，再加上最近全球范围内的快速扩张， 其他新的RNA病毒感染人类，强调需要快速和可靠的 病原体监测技术比以往任何时候都多早期检测可确保 控制工作是在正确的时间针对正确的地点，以避免潜在的流行病。 监测和发现受感染的蚊子往往是即将发生的一个早期预测因素。 然而，人类感染带来了挑战，包括分类、识别和 从大量蚊子中提取RNA，同时保持冷链。这需要 蚊子监测、识别和汇集在病毒检测之前。最近有人 显示具有播散性感染的蚊子排泄（作为排泄物/粪便）虫媒病毒， 在实验室采样时，浓度适合检测的寄生虫。这使得快速 以及非破坏性取样和病原体测试，然而， 不能有效地收集随机分布的CA。1.5µL排泄液滴。为了解决这个 问题，我们建议在这里设计两种新型的排泄物收集蚊子捕捉器，用于寻找宿主 和产卵（或妊娠）蚊子，分别利用糖喂食站和 由纳米结构超疏水表面组成的定制制造的收集系统， 收集并浓缩排泄物样本适当的疏水表面构象将 首先在最初的田间试验中进行选择和功效测试。这个原型将被放大 在收集排泄物的同时， 在捕集器内产生到外部连接的标准微量离心管， 轻松收藏为了测试两种器械有效采集潜在病原体的能力， 诱捕蚊子，陷阱将部署在五个新泽西县跨越一个 与县蚊子控制机构合作，的 捕获的排泄物将进行元病毒组测序以鉴定和组装基因组 来自样本中已知和潜在新型RNA病毒的全部数据， 代表了新泽西蚊子的广泛多样性。这个项目代表了一个基础 采取步骤，对病媒传播的病原体进行定点“无蚊”监测， 快速反应，在发生之前减轻地方性流行病的爆发。