A Twin Study of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use Development: Leveraging Intensive Longitudinal Assessments

项目摘要/摘要 总而言之，酗酒和吸毒导致的发病率和死亡率比任何一种 美国的疾病或无序。老年人中物质使用率最高 青少年和更年轻的成年人，这是发展的关键发展窗口 上瘾的人。感觉寻求与行为和认知控制的组合因素 在青春期发育不全。在流行的青少年使用模式下，如DUAL 系统模型，假设这两个系统是为了解释 青少年药物使用。最近，这样的理论已经包含了潜在的影响 社会背景，包括离经叛道的同龄人，作为强调感觉寻求和奖励 青少年的系统，并导致他们使用药物的风险增加 依赖。到目前为止，这些发展模式已经过测试和表征 主要是横断面研究或纵向研究，充其量也就是年度评估。 在这里，我们将使用智能手机传感器和每周调查来评估物质使用情况，高管 功能、去抑制、冒险和社会背景在准连续的基础上 从青春期到青春期的多年大样本过程 成人期。这些结果将为关键风险的发展变化提供一个细粒度的模型 领域及其与物质使用的关系。工具变量派生自 智能手机的GPS、摄像头和麦克风，结合青少年双胞胎研究设计， 将提供严格的测试，以确定环境和社会背景是否以及如何破坏 规范性发展趋势。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Taken together, alcohol and drug use account for more morbidity and mortality than any single disease or disorder in the United States. Rates of substance use are highest among older adolescents and younger adults, which are critical developmental windows for the development of addiction. The combined factors of sensation seeking versus behavioral and cognitive control are underdeveloped in adolescence. Under popular models of adolescent use, such as the dual systems model, these two systems are hypothesized to explain developmental trends in adolescent substance use. More recently, such theories have incorporated the potential impact of social context, including deviant peers, as accentuating sensation seeking and reward systems in adolescents and contributing to their increased risk of substance use and dependence. To date, these developmental models have been tested and characterized primarily in cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies with, at best, annual assessments. Here, we will use smartphone sensors and weekly surveys to assess substance use, executive function, disinhibition, risk-taking, and social context on a quasi-continuous basis over the course of multiple years in a large sample during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. The results will provide a fine-grained model of developmental change in key risk domains and their relationship to substance use. Instrument variables derived from the smartphone's GPS, camera, and microphone, combined with an adolescent twin study design, will provide stringent tests of whether and how environmental and social context disrupts normative developmental trends.