A Twin Study of Adolescent Alcohol and Drug Use Development: Leveraging Intensive Longitudinal Assessments

项目总结/摘要 总的来说，酒精和药物使用比任何单一的疾病和死亡率都要高。 疾病或病症在美国。药物使用率在老年人中最高 青少年和年轻人，这是发展的关键发展窗口， 上瘾的人感觉寻求与行为和认知控制的综合因素 在青春期发育不全在青少年使用的流行模式下，例如 系统模型，这两个系统假设解释发展趋势， 青少年药物使用最近，这些理论已经纳入了潜在的影响， 社会背景，包括越轨的同龄人，作为强调感觉寻求和奖励， 青少年使用药物的风险增加， 依赖到目前为止，这些发展模型已经过测试和表征， 主要是在横向研究或纵向研究中，最多是年度评估。 在这里，我们将使用智能手机传感器和每周调查来评估物质使用情况， 功能，去抑制，冒险和社会背景上的准连续的基础上， 从青春期到青年期过渡期间的大样本多年过程 成年研究结果将为关键风险的发展变化提供一个细粒度的模型 域及其与物质使用的关系。仪器变量， 智能手机的GPS，摄像头和麦克风，结合青少年双胞胎研究设计， 将对环境和社会背景是否以及如何破坏 规范发展趋势。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Taken together, alcohol and drug use account for more morbidity and mortality than any single disease or disorder in the United States. Rates of substance use are highest among older adolescents and younger adults, which are critical developmental windows for the development of addiction. The combined factors of sensation seeking versus behavioral and cognitive control are underdeveloped in adolescence. Under popular models of adolescent use, such as the dual systems model, these two systems are hypothesized to explain developmental trends in adolescent substance use. More recently, such theories have incorporated the potential impact of social context, including deviant peers, as accentuating sensation seeking and reward systems in adolescents and contributing to their increased risk of substance use and dependence. To date, these developmental models have been tested and characterized primarily in cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies with, at best, annual assessments. Here, we will use smartphone sensors and weekly surveys to assess substance use, executive function, disinhibition, risk-taking, and social context on a quasi-continuous basis over the course of multiple years in a large sample during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood. The results will provide a fine-grained model of developmental change in key risk domains and their relationship to substance use. Instrument variables derived from the smartphone's GPS, camera, and microphone, combined with an adolescent twin study design, will provide stringent tests of whether and how environmental and social context disrupts normative developmental trends.